M.Phil / MS

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Electrochemical Investigation of Lanthanide Incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Kainat Zafar; CIIT/FA23-RPH-022/LHR; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas; LHR TP 9853
The fossil fuel-based energy resources are widely providing predominant amount of worldwide energy such as coal, oil, and gas. Unfortunately, due to high consumption rate and the current generation demands, these limited assets are being depleted rapidly. Therefore, it is urgent need to find out some alternate energy resources which should be renewable. One kind of fuel cell that is well-known for its great efficiency and capacity to function at high temperatures usually between 600°C and 1000°C is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). To carry oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode, where the fuel is oxidized and energy is produced, they use a solid oxide or ceramic electrolyte. The cathode material has a major impact on SOFC performance; it needs to have strong catalytic activity, chemical stability, and electronic conductivity. In this regard, lanthanide-incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ (where R = Ce, Gd, and Sm) cathode materials are being studied to boost SOFC performance. Higher efficiency and durability can result from the addition of lanthanides, which can also enhance the catalytic and electrical conductivity. By improving SOFC performance, this novel strategy hopes to increase their viability for clean energy applications and promote the development of sustainable energy technology. The goal of this research work is to improve the efficiency of SOFCs by studying lanthanide-incorporated Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ cathode materials. Sr0.5R0.3Fe0.2CoO3-δ materials will be synthesized by solid state reaction and characterized by XRD, SEM, RAMAN, UV- Vis, FTIR and EIS. Electrical conductivities and fuel cell performance will be measured under hydrogen atmosphere. By optimizing the cathode's properties, this novel strategy seeks to promote clean energy solutions by increasing efficiency, extending operational lifespans, and expanding the applications of SOFC technology.
Development of La0.63Ga0.37Nb0.74Fe0.26O3-δ Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Via Various Synthesis Routes
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Hamza Gulzar; CIIT/FA23-RPH-018/LHR; LHR TP 9849; Dr. Ghazanfar Abbas
In this study, La₀.₆₃Ga₀.₃₇Nb₀.₇₄Fe₀.₂₆O₃-δ electrodes developed through four different methods for use in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures are systematically investigated in this study. Coprecipitation, sol gel, solid state, and hydrothermal synthesis were the techniques that were compared. The coprecipitation approach was shown to be the best synthesis route after thorough analysis, exhibiting superior structural and electrochemical features. In coprecipitated samples, Raman spectroscopy showed prominent Ga–O symmetric stretching at 532 cm⁻¹, La–O stretch at 400 cm⁻¹, and Fe–O modes at 656, 713 cm⁻¹. Nb–O vibration was observed at 882 cm⁻¹, with distinct vibrational modes suggesting increased crystallinity and oxygen vacancy generation. The material's phase features were validated by XRD analysis showing broadened peaks corresponding to nanocrystalline structure with 12.9 nm crystallite size, and reference phases confirmed by JCPDS 01-084-1020 (FeNbO₄) and 03-065-0945 (GaLaO₃-type). An ideal band gap of 1.44 eV was found by UV–Vis spectroscopy, indicating advantageous electronic characteristics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the lowest polarization resistance values of 4.1 Ω at 600°C and 3.1 Ω at 650°C, among all samples. Fuel cell testing showed that coprecipitated samples excelled sol gel at 0.890 V, solid state at 0.870 V, and hydrothermal at 0.843 V, reaching the highest open circuit voltage of 0.960 V at 650°C. The desirable structure, phase purity, and defect composition of coprecipitated electrodes are responsible for their exceptional performance. Offering considerable potential for developing sustainable energy conversion technologies, these results solidify coprecipitation as the preferred synthesis technique for high performance intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrodes. The goal of future studies should be to scale manufacturing while preserving these beneficial characteristics.

M.Phil / MS

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