M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/30
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item Amino Acid Based MOF: A Promising Green Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions (HMIs)(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Hooria Aslam; CIIT/SP24-R06-008/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10017Heavy metal ion (HMI) contamination in freshwater resources has become a serious environmental and public health concern worldwide. Toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) can accumulate in living organisms and pose significant health risks due to their persistence and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, the development of efficient and sensitive methods for the detection of HMIs in water is essential before its utilization for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This study presents the synthesis of an amino acid-based Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) as a green and effective material for electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions. An energy-efficient microwave-assisted synthesis method was employed to prepare a MOF using bismuth and cobalt as central metal ions and L-tyrosine as the organic linker. L-tyrosine, a naturally occurring and biocompatible amino acid, was selected to enhance the environmental sustainability of the synthesized material. Microwave synthesis offers several advantages, including reduced reaction time, lower energy consumption, high product yield, and minimal environmental impact. The synthesized MOF exhibited excellent surface characteristics suitable for sensing applications. The incorporation of the ionic liquid BMIM BF₄ significantly improved the electrical conductivity, increased the availability of adsorption sites for heavy metal ions, and enhanced the sensing performance of the material. The developed electrochemical sensing platform demonstrated a large active surface area, efficient charge transfer capability, enhanced conductivity, and good operational stability. The structural and physicochemical properties of the synthesized composite were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the MOF-based electrode (L-Tyr-BiCo/IL/GCE) was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the developed amino acid-based MOF is a promising green material for the sensitive and reliable detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous environmentsItem Synthesis of MOF@Ppy Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Pollutant Detection(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2026) Saira Nasir; CIIT/SP24-R06-026/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10029Since the infrastructure for the management of water quality and sanitation could not support the rising numbers due to the growing population and urbanization, especially in emerging countries, the problem associated with higher metal levels becomes an important issue in water quality in most cities that are growing very quickly. An effective way for the detection of Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in water, which are hazardous to the environment and human health, becomes very important. Co-Zr-CAU-28@Ppy is a conductive nanocomposite with the structure consisting of the linker molecule ‘2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.’ Zirconium tetrachloride and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate are the metal ions. This study employs an innovative method for the preparation of the compound through the use of microwave. The purity and quality of the compounds are checked through respective FT-IR and XRD analyses. After this, the electrochemical analysis CV test was carried out to verify the good conductivity of the composite. Chemicals are compounds that have a specific chemical structure. The number of chemicals is vast; hence chemicals can be classified based on their nature, application, and interaction with the organisms in the environmentItem Design and Synthesis of Novel Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Water Remediation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Muhammad Abdullah Hashmi; SP23-R06-026; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9473Heavy metal ions (HMIs) contamination of fresh water bodies has raised concern all over the world. Among HMIs, arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are toxic and chronic to human health due to their bioaccumulation and non-degradability. Sensitive detection of these water bodies is very much necessary before utilization. Electrochemical sensing may be proved to be sensitive detection platform for HMIs detection. Herein, MOF of L glutamic acid as linker and copper as central metal ion was prepared by energy efficient microwave method. Glutamic acid is naturally available, biocompatible amino acid. Microwave production provide energy efficient, stable heating rate, lower reaction time, high yield and less environmental pollution method for MOF preparation. Excellent surface properties shown by as prepared MOF. Conductivity of MOF, adsorption sites for HMIs and potential window for sensing platform have enhanced by incorporating Ionic liquid (EMIM TFSI) with MOF. Therefore as prepared MOF (L-glu-cu)/IL composite exhibited high active surface area, good charge transfer rate, enhanced conductivity and stability over time for sensitive electrochemical detection of HMIs. Synthesized composite was characterized by XRD and FTIR. Electrochemical behavior of MOF (L glu-cu)/IL@GCE was identified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for detection of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Results demonstrated that linear detection range and lower limits of detection (LOD) for these three HMIs individually and simultaneously. Obtained limit of detection (LOD) for As (III), Pb (II) and Hg (II) were 2.69ngL-1, 2.201ngL-1 and 3.323ngL-1 respectively.Item Synthesis of Novel Nanocomposite Based ElectrochemicalSensing Platform for Water Remediation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Samreen Riaz; FA22-R06-005; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9320One resilient element that is frequently utilized in many manufacturing operations is lead. Because of its enduring nature, it can linger in the atmosphere for quite a while and is harmful to the functioning of biological systems. Mining operations, along with incineration, are the main sources of copper release. As your liver is the first organ to access copper accumulation when it enters the bloodstream, chronic copper poisoning primarily affects it. The supposed advantages of electrochemical sensing are the simplicity of the apparatus, the extreme sensitivity and robust specificity of the test, mobility, and the ability to analyze the target analyte on-site. A nanocomposite of UiO-66-NH2@Ppy NWs@CoFe2O4 was prepared to determine trace amounts of copper and lead ions in water. The atomic structure and physicochemical properties of the prepared material were examined using XRD. The electrochemical behavior of the GCE modified with UiO-66-NH2@Ppy-NWs@CoFe2O4 was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was demonstrated that, with the UiO-66-NH2@Ppy NWs@CoFe2O4, Pb2+ and Cu2+ could be sensed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). As the concentration increased from 10 to 100 nM, a substantial linear response was achieved, with a lower limit of detection. The high sensitivity of the UiO-66-NH2@Ppy-NWs@CoFe2O4/GCE towards the electroanalytical applications marked its use for real-world applications in its as-prepared state.Item Fabrication of Nanocomposite-based Sensor for Selective Detection of Heavy Metal Ion in Aqueous Media(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Jazba Rosheen; SP23-R06-011; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9460Heavy metals contamination is a severe quality concern in many fast-growing cities, because maintenance of water quality and sanitation infrastructure were not increased with population and urbanization growth especially for the developing countries. Lead (Pb²⁺) and Mercury (Hg²⁺), in water pose enormous environmental and health issues that make it imperative to produce an efficient detection method. SU-101 MOF@Ppy NWs is a conducting nanocomposite material composed of Bismuth metal with ellagic acid as a linker, fabricated with the help of the novel microwave-assisted methodology, in this research study. Before testing the conductivity of this nanocomposite, FTIR analysis was done appropriately to ensure the structural reliability and purity of the obtained compounds. Electrochemical studies, including CV and EIS, demonstrated enhanced conductivity of the SU-101 MOF@PpyNWs nanocomposite. Square Wave Voltammetry further proved it to be a promising detection material for Lead and Mercury, suggesting its importance as a heavy metal ion detector in aqueous media. The Limit of Detection calculated was 2.026ng/L and 2.184ng/L for Pb2+ and Hg2+ respectively.Item Synthesis of green nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the detection of water pollutant(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-23) Farah Kausar; FA19-R06-031; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 7335Electrochemical sensing techniques are considered to be highly efficient towards the detection of water pollutants. Most of these conventional electrochemical sensors utilize graphene and carbon nanotubes as a conducting material. But recent researches have documented several adverse impacts of these materials such as their toxicity, effect on ecosystem by various diseases and also their use make the sensor more costly. For the development of electro-chemical sensors, environmentally benign and sustainable natural materials are currently replacing harmful materials. In this regard this research work aims to synthesize the green nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the detection of water pollutants. Nano cellulose is used as a substrate. Nano cellulose was first synthesized by acid hydrolysis method. Further it was fabricated with polyaniline through in situ polymerization and metal oxide nanocomposite was incorporated in it. The synthesized composites were characterized by FTIR and XRD for structural evaluation. The electrochemical analysis of the synthesized composites was performed. The obtained analytical results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) suggest that both the synthesized composites (CoO/AgCl/NiO/PANI/nanocellulose and CoO/AgCl/CuO/PANI/nanocellulose) are conductive in nature. To check the sensing behavior of the synthesized composites against metal ions cyclic voltammetry was performed. Cyclic voltamogram of CoO/AgCl/NiO/PANI/nanocellulose was found to be efficient against the Pb+2 and Cd+2 ions with the limit of detection 0.5 and 0.14 mM/L respectively. Cyclic voltamogram of CoO/AgCl/CuO/PANI/nanocellulose was also obtained against Pb+2 and Cd+2 ions having better results than the bare GCE. The results suggest that modified electrodes are better conductor and have good sensitivity which can be applied for real sample analysis as electrochemical sensors.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Oxide Decorated Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Application(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-23) Rida Fatima Hussain; SP19-R06-017; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6520Dyes present in industrial wastewater are harmful to humans as well as environment. They are non-biodegradable synthetic materials that are difficult to degrade naturally. At present the simplest, economical and ecofriendly method for dye degradation is application of metal oxides nanocomposite as photocatalyst. Fabrication of metal oxide nanocomposites by using safe and cheap natural products for photocatalytic degradation of dyes is highly interesting field in material sciences. This research focuses on synthesis of four different kinds of nanocomposite CoO/Agcl/FeO, CoO/Agcl/NiO, CoO/Agcl/CuO, CoO/Agcl/ZnO which further processed with sodium alginate and form nanocomposite beads. The synthesized nanocomposites beads were characterized by FTIR. Futhure more, synthesized nanocomposite beads were employed as photocatalyst for the degradation of model dye methyl orange . The degradation of model dye was recorded high for Iron/alginate nanocomposite beads(90% in 80 mins) as compared to other nanocomposite beadsItem Formulation of Cartilage Regeneration Patches Using Hyaluronic Acid Beads(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Fatima Noor; FA18-R06-023; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6501Hydrogels have regenerative behavior therefore they are widely used as injectable scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chitosan is a well-known biomaterial which is extensively used in tissue engineering. Chitosan membranes were fabricated in different compositions by freeze-gelation of mixture of chitosan impregnated with beads of collagen/alginate. Collagen was used to improve the biocompatibility of scaffolds. FTIR was used to observe the distribution of constituent materials used in the scaffolds. Swelling and degradation studies showed good equilibrium ratio in PBS solution. The mechanical strength of these scaffolds matches with the mechanical strength of natural tissues. These results showed that collagen/alginate scaffolds could be potential candidate for tissue engineering. These results encourage the use of chitosan scaffolds and significance of collagen/alginate scaffolds for regenerating tissues and organsItem Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Nano-cellulose Based Conducting Material(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Noman Zafar; SP19-R06-006; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6510Electrochemical sensing techniques are the advance techniques for the detection of water contamination. Conducting materials in electro-chemical sensors are based on graphene or carbon nano tubes (CNT) substrate mostly. Resent literature has documented the hazardous effects of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT). Moreover, use of these substrates enhances the cost of the sensor to a larger extend. Currently environment friendly and sustainable natural materials are replacing the toxic materials for the development of electro-chemical sensors. In this view current research work aims at the synthesis of conducting composite by incorporating eco-friendly and abundantly available natural material i.e. cellulose as a substrate. Initially nano-cellulose was synthesized and subsequently it was functionalized with polyaniline and nano metal oxides to enhance the conductivity. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized through FTIR analysis. Conductance of the synthesized materials was checked and IV graphs were plotted. The results showed that conductance of nano composite was increased subsequently by the addition of different metals to NC/PANI composite.Item Nanocomposite of Conductive Polymer Decorated with Metal / Metal Oxide as Electrochemical Sensing Probe for Phenolic Derivatives(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Muhammad Tayyab; FA18-R06-007; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 6490The purpose of this research project is to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with copper polyaniline (Cu-PANI) to electrochemically detection of 4-aminophenol. Therefore, copper polyaniline (Cu-PANI) is synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization, and then copper (Cu) is injected into the polyaniline. Copper nanoparticles interact with the mobile groups of polyanilines through electrostatic force (van der Waals force). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies confirmed the presence of functional groups in the synthesized nanocomposites, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) confirmed the Cu doping into polyaniline and composition of nanocomposites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the morphology of Polyaniline (PANI), and size of the Cu-PANI morphology. In cyclic voltammetry (CV), modified (Cu-PANI)/GCE electrode behaviour showed toward 4-AP was studied in the presence of supporting electrolyte (0.1 M H2SO4) with optimized potential window range (0.2 to 0.8 V) at 50mV/s scan rate. The electron transfer was the study of Cu-PANI/GCE at 0.52V oxidation peak and with different concentration as well. The qualitative technique differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was performed to determine the linear response (5μM to 2mM) of 4-AP with lower limit detection is 10μM. The Cu-PANI/GCE showed sensitivity and selectivity for 4-AP and even in the presence of organic interference species. This improved electrode is cheap, robust, selective, and sensitive, and has an excellent volume to surface ratio. Therefore, the produced electrochemical sensor has good sample analyzer activity and is equally effective in analyzer sewage, tap-water, and industrial wastewater as well.