M.Phil / MS

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Natural Polymer based Biocompatible Hemodialysis Membrane
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Tahira Nasir; SP22-R06-020; Dr. Muhammad Irfan; LHR TP 8659
With 850 million affected people globally, ESRD is expected to rank as the fifth leading cause of death globally by 2040. Of all kidney replacement therapies, hemodialysis is the most widely used kind in the world, serving approximately 2 million patients. Different synthetic polymeric membranes are used for HD treatment and natural polymer based membranes were not evaluated in hemodialysis research. Current dialysis systems frequently deal with problems like hemocompatibility and dialysis performance or vice versa and high death ratio suggests the improvement in this field. In current research work, silk fibroin (natural polymer) was extracted from silk cocoon and thin film membrane were fabricated and evaluated in hemodialysis application. Different types of membrane were cast based on formulation of variable weight percentage of pure silk (5, 7 and 9 wt.%) and blending of silk with PEG solutions. Polyethylene glycol was added to enhance the hemo-compatibility and wettability of pure silk membranes. FTIR results described that pure silk fibroin was successfully separated from silk cocoon and hydrogen bonding occurred between silk and PEG when blended together. Thermo-rheological analysis illustrates that addition of PEG to silk fibroin decreased the gelling temperature from 46C to 31C. Casting the membrane from its solution in control heating environment developed unique capillary system in all fabricated membranes as shown by FESEM analysis. Contact angle results showed that low molecular weight pure silk (5%) was highly hydrophilic (53.65) and addition of PEG further increased the hydrophilic character (54.07). Density measurements confirmed that with increasing silk weight in cast membranes density were also enhanced and all membrane did not allow the 20kDalton solute molecules to pass through them, thus can forbid the useful albumin loss during dialysis. Alamar Blue Assay and human blood plasma were used to evaluate the x biocompatibility of cast membranes and cytocompatibility and blood clotting experiments illustrate that pure silk and silk-PEG membranes are non-toxic and hemocompatible. Further, the dialysis results showed the 47-49% clearance rate of urea and creatinine in a dialysis cell.
Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable, Biocompatible and Biodegradable Hydrogels for Biomedical Application
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2022-02-26) Muhammad Shumail; FA20-R06-013; Dr. Asma Tufail Shah; LHR TP 7883
Periodontitis is a common oral infection that affects about 10-15% of global population. Periodontitis is characterized by gum inflammation, gingival recession, tissue loss, and dental pocket formation. Different approaches like tooth scaling, ultrasonic scalars, lasers, and root planning as well as surgical procedures have been employed but these mechanical treatments are limited and invasive. For tissue repair or wound healing, it is important to develop biomaterials which have ability of regeneration of bone tissues along with antibacterial properties and would be less invasive in nature. Injectable hydrogels are crucial in this area because they have mechanical and structural characteristics comparable to many body tissues and the artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) and can be delivered to the body in the least invasive manner. In this study a novel thermosensitive, injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable Chitosan-Alginate based hydrogel was synthesized in combination with bioactive glasses. Different concentrations of primary polymers and copper substituted bioactive glasses were studied and characterized by employing various analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, Contact Angle, Zetasizer and Inverted microscope. Gelation effect and setting time of these hydrogels were analyzed with and without Bioactive glass. The injectability of these biomaterials was tested via syringe needles of various gauges. Bioactivity and degradability studies were performed along with antibacterial applications against E. coli and S. aureus in which the hydrogels with copper substituted bioactive glass demonstrated positive anti-bacterial activity.

M.Phil / MS

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