M.Phil / MS

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Desulphurization of Fuel Oil with Tubular-Polyoxometalates based Catalyst: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Hamna Khalid; SP22-R06-004; Dr. Sadaf Ul Hassan; LHR TP 8643
A facile catalyst termed H4SiW12O40@fHNTs was synthesized and optimized for the oxidative desulphurization of model fuel oil. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were subject to functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and subsequently utilized as a substrate to immobilize H4SiW12O40. The electrostatic interaction between H4SiW12O40 and the functionalized halloysite nanotubes was characterized using UV, FTIR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The oxidative desulphurization process was conducted using an oxidant i.e., hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile as the extractant. The optimization of process variables, including reaction temperature, catalyst amount, and oxidant concentration, using the Box-Behnken method. The optimal conditions were determined to be 70°C, 70 mg, and 8 ml oxidant concentration, resulting in a desulfurization efficiency of 92.17%. Furthermore, the effectiveness of H4SiW12O40@fHNTs was demonstrated in real fuel samples, reducing dibenzothiophene content from 354 ppm to 224 ppm. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining a stable desulphurization rate over five consecutive cycles. This research underscores the potential of H4SiW12O40@fHNTs as an effective and reproducible catalyst for the process of oxidative elimination of sulphur, offering promise for the development of cleaner and more sustainable fuel technologies. ix
Catalytic Optimization of Lignin-Cr/Zn Binary Oxide Nano-composite for Dye Removal from Industrial Waste Water using Box-Behnken Design
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02) Maha Shakeel; SP22-R06-017; Dr. Sadaf Ul Hassan; LHR TP 8656
The most prevalent health issues these days is the lack of access to good drinking water. One of the main substances that renders water unsafe to drink is industrial dyes. Of these dyes, organic dye methylene blue (MB) poses the greatest risk to the environment and human health because it is poisonous, non-biodegradable and carcinogenic. It is typically discharged into untreated water bodies, endangering the health of people and other living things. Therefore, the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly method for eliminating MB from effluent is imperative. A popular advanced oxidation method for removing MB is photodegradation. Absolute mineralization of the dye to simple, harmless species is one of its benefits, and it may also lower processing costs. For readers operating in the field of dye deterioration research, this review serves as a foundational instruction. A summary of MB's reaction routes, intermediate products, final products, and photodegradation method is also provided. Lignin is a prevalent, naturally occurring, non-destructive organic compound previously regarded as agricultural waste and is now considered a precious material. This paper presents the synthesis of doped lignin with chromium zinc oxide resulting in a L@CrZnO composite by co-precipitation method which showed promising results as an antibacterial agent and for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants specifically MB followed by characterization with various methods like UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its antibacterial activity was determined by

M.Phil / MS

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