M.Phil / MS
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/30
This collection archives the complete set of theses produced by students of the COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus.
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Item Amino Acid Based MOF: A Promising Green Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions (HMIs)(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Hooria Aslam; CIIT/SP24-R06-008/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10017Heavy metal ion (HMI) contamination in freshwater resources has become a serious environmental and public health concern worldwide. Toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) can accumulate in living organisms and pose significant health risks due to their persistence and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, the development of efficient and sensitive methods for the detection of HMIs in water is essential before its utilization for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This study presents the synthesis of an amino acid-based Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) as a green and effective material for electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions. An energy-efficient microwave-assisted synthesis method was employed to prepare a MOF using bismuth and cobalt as central metal ions and L-tyrosine as the organic linker. L-tyrosine, a naturally occurring and biocompatible amino acid, was selected to enhance the environmental sustainability of the synthesized material. Microwave synthesis offers several advantages, including reduced reaction time, lower energy consumption, high product yield, and minimal environmental impact. The synthesized MOF exhibited excellent surface characteristics suitable for sensing applications. The incorporation of the ionic liquid BMIM BF₄ significantly improved the electrical conductivity, increased the availability of adsorption sites for heavy metal ions, and enhanced the sensing performance of the material. The developed electrochemical sensing platform demonstrated a large active surface area, efficient charge transfer capability, enhanced conductivity, and good operational stability. The structural and physicochemical properties of the synthesized composite were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the MOF-based electrode (L-Tyr-BiCo/IL/GCE) was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the developed amino acid-based MOF is a promising green material for the sensitive and reliable detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous environmentsItem Synthesis of MOF@Ppy Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Pollutant Detection(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2026) Saira Nasir; CIIT/SP24-R06-026/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 10029Since the infrastructure for the management of water quality and sanitation could not support the rising numbers due to the growing population and urbanization, especially in emerging countries, the problem associated with higher metal levels becomes an important issue in water quality in most cities that are growing very quickly. An effective way for the detection of Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in water, which are hazardous to the environment and human health, becomes very important. Co-Zr-CAU-28@Ppy is a conductive nanocomposite with the structure consisting of the linker molecule ‘2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.’ Zirconium tetrachloride and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate are the metal ions. This study employs an innovative method for the preparation of the compound through the use of microwave. The purity and quality of the compounds are checked through respective FT-IR and XRD analyses. After this, the electrochemical analysis CV test was carried out to verify the good conductivity of the composite. Chemicals are compounds that have a specific chemical structure. The number of chemicals is vast; hence chemicals can be classified based on their nature, application, and interaction with the organisms in the environmentItem Design and Synthesis of Novel Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Water Remediation(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Muhammad Abdullah Hashmi; SP23-R06-026; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9473Heavy metal ions (HMIs) contamination of fresh water bodies has raised concern all over the world. Among HMIs, arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are toxic and chronic to human health due to their bioaccumulation and non-degradability. Sensitive detection of these water bodies is very much necessary before utilization. Electrochemical sensing may be proved to be sensitive detection platform for HMIs detection. Herein, MOF of L glutamic acid as linker and copper as central metal ion was prepared by energy efficient microwave method. Glutamic acid is naturally available, biocompatible amino acid. Microwave production provide energy efficient, stable heating rate, lower reaction time, high yield and less environmental pollution method for MOF preparation. Excellent surface properties shown by as prepared MOF. Conductivity of MOF, adsorption sites for HMIs and potential window for sensing platform have enhanced by incorporating Ionic liquid (EMIM TFSI) with MOF. Therefore as prepared MOF (L-glu-cu)/IL composite exhibited high active surface area, good charge transfer rate, enhanced conductivity and stability over time for sensitive electrochemical detection of HMIs. Synthesized composite was characterized by XRD and FTIR. Electrochemical behavior of MOF (L glu-cu)/IL@GCE was identified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for detection of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Results demonstrated that linear detection range and lower limits of detection (LOD) for these three HMIs individually and simultaneously. Obtained limit of detection (LOD) for As (III), Pb (II) and Hg (II) were 2.69ngL-1, 2.201ngL-1 and 3.323ngL-1 respectively.Item Fabrication of Nanocomposite-based Sensor for Selective Detection of Heavy Metal Ion in Aqueous Media(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Jazba Rosheen; SP23-R06-011; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9460Heavy metals contamination is a severe quality concern in many fast-growing cities, because maintenance of water quality and sanitation infrastructure were not increased with population and urbanization growth especially for the developing countries. Lead (Pb²⁺) and Mercury (Hg²⁺), in water pose enormous environmental and health issues that make it imperative to produce an efficient detection method. SU-101 MOF@Ppy NWs is a conducting nanocomposite material composed of Bismuth metal with ellagic acid as a linker, fabricated with the help of the novel microwave-assisted methodology, in this research study. Before testing the conductivity of this nanocomposite, FTIR analysis was done appropriately to ensure the structural reliability and purity of the obtained compounds. Electrochemical studies, including CV and EIS, demonstrated enhanced conductivity of the SU-101 MOF@PpyNWs nanocomposite. Square Wave Voltammetry further proved it to be a promising detection material for Lead and Mercury, suggesting its importance as a heavy metal ion detector in aqueous media. The Limit of Detection calculated was 2.026ng/L and 2.184ng/L for Pb2+ and Hg2+ respectively.Item Fabrication of MOF@MXene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Environmental Pollutant(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus., 2025-04-01) Sehrish Javed; CIIT/FA23-R06-022/LHR; Dr. Lubna Sherin; LHR TP 9694Heavy metallic ions (HMIs) are some of the riskiest environmental pollutants because they're non-biodegradable, very poisonous, and have the tendency to bioaccumulate in residing organisms. Their incidence in water supplies is an extreme risk to human fitness and ecosystems. (Bi-S)n MOF@MXene composite was synthesized for sensitive detection of HMIs in aqueous media. The (Bi-S)n MOF was prepared through a microwave method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and 6,6-dithiodinicotinic acid. Using a combination of LiF and HCl, the aluminum layer from the MAX phase was selectively etched to create MXene. (Bi-S)n MOF and MXene were acquired to prepare a hybrid composite, which were solidified on a GCE. The conductivity, adsorption capacity, and sensing range of MOF were all enhanced by MXene. FTIR, XRD, CV, and EIS characterization approaches validated the structural integrity and excellent electrochemical behavior of the composite. The sensor indicated extremely excessive sensitivity with detection limits (LODs) of 1.9233 nM, 2.0927 nM and 2.2104 nM for Pb²⁺ Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in single detection. During co-detection, modest LOD expanded of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺and Hg²⁺ have been noticed due to competition among the ions.