M.Phil / MS

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Integrating Ozonolysis with Photocatalysis to Enhance the Degradation of Bisphenol-A
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-26) Maham Abid; FA21-R06-022; Dr. Fahad Rehman; LHR TP 8452
Over the past few years, the increasing industrial, agriculture, and human activities have increased the use of chemicals. The increase in human society and poor sewerage system has upsurged a load of organic pollutants in water. Every year, around 2.8 billion kg of Bisphenol-A (BPA) are manufactured around the world. BPA is employed in the fabrication of polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resin, and other plastic products in 99% of cases. BPA is reported as carcinogenic and toxic and also suspected as Endocrine disrupting chemical which causes abnormal human development. Several methods currently are in practice for the degradation of BPA. Most of the chemical and physical methods are energy intensive and time intensive. They also produce a secondary aromatic compound during the treatment. Advanced oxidative processes such as oxidation provide viable pathway for degradation of BPA. However, ozonation is a non-selective and energy-intensive process. Photocatalysts, on the other hand, provide an efficient way for deterioration. However, because of the greater band gap and quick charge recombination, there is a high photocatalyst loading (amount of catalytic per liter of wastewater) and light absorption. Both ozonolysis and photocatalysis have difficulties that can be solved by combining the two technologies into a single process. The goal of this research is to build an integrated photocatalyst and ozonolysis process that uses plasma microreactors to degrade persistent organic compounds. DBD-Corona hybrid plasma microreactor is generated for the current study. The optimized conditions for the complete degradation of BPA were 6KV,26KHz,3cm electrode length and 1LPM of air flow. For the integrated system of ozonation and photocatalysis a novel catalyst Ni-CeO2 was synthesized and undergoes different characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR have been used to characterize the synthesized photocatalyst. The power consumption of the DBD-Corona micro-plasma reactor was found to be 480W, measured electrically through the oscilloscope with bandwidth of 200MHz by keeping the parameters optimized. By adding different dose of synthesized photocatalyst Ni-CeO2 in the ozonation system 1.0g/L catalytic dose had shown greatest assistance in degrading Bisphenol-A
Biodiesel production through microbubble mediated mass transfer using zwitterion catalysts
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2022-02-25) Maryam Asif; FA20-R06-012; Dr. Fahad Rehman; LHR TP 7882
The total energy consumption is increased due to the rapid expansion of industries and metropolitan development. Biodiesel is a substitute fuel to conventional diesel, which is non-carcinogenic, sustainable, and has a high cetane number. The conventional methods used for biodiesel synthesis are energy-intensive, and operational cost is high. Catalytic esterification and transesterification methods are employ for the cleaner production of biodiesel. Due to the presence of high content of free fatty acid (FFA), transesterification carries the drawback of sponification. In the esterification reaction, FFA was reduced using an acidic catalyst. However, thermodynamic equilibrium restricts the overall conversion and slows the pace of the reaction—the current study used microbubble-mediated mass transfer technology to overcome this problem. Acid catalysts are used for esterification, show good activity, and produce high-quality biodiesel. Although the rate of the reaction is slower, it takes longer and at a higher temperature to achieve the maximal conversion. Various basic catalysts have been used for biodiesel synthesis to overcome the acid catalysts' drawbacks. Under mild conditions, show high catalytic activity in the transesterification process. However, base catalysts are limited due to high water affinity and moisture during storage. Saponification is another disadvantageous feature of these catalysts. Esterification and transesterification could both be performed by a catalyst that has both acidic and basic sites. This study aims to propose a sustainable strategy to energy generation using microbubble technology and bi-functional catalyst. As a heterogeneous catalyst for the generation of biodiesel, strontium zirconium oxide (7% Sr/ZrO2) was produced, and compared with naturally occurring bi-functional catalysts such as zwitterions is also used to investigate biodiesel production. To optimize the synthetic bifunctional catalyst response surface methodology (RSM) was used.

M.Phil / MS

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