Browsing by Author "Dr. Sardar Muhammad"

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Cultural Hegemony in Daniyal Mueenuddin’s “In Other Rooms, Other Wonders”: Marxist Study
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Maryam Mohsin; CIIT/ SP19-REL-008/LHR; Dr. Sardar Muhammad; LHR TP 6531
This research focused on the study of Cultural hegemony in Daniyal Mueenuddin’s In Other Rooms, Other Wonders. This study investigate deep into the dominant class portrayed in Mueenuddin’s stories; the psychic complexities of individuals who struggle against habitual abjection, subordination, and disempowerment. It also probe the psyche of capitalist that how they want to rule the working class by inserting their perspective in them. This study looks at the two main factors of cultural hegemony i.e. coercion and consensus, by analyzing different characters from elite class and working class. Antonio Gramsci declares that the only means of keeping cultural hegemony by super leaders is not the handling of power and coercion; instead, consent, language, use of intellectual men are the ways regarding the implementation of cultural hegemony. This study also try to find out the intellectuals working in a society where a group of people in minority rules over the working class present in majority. Furthermore, this study highlights the feudal system of Pakistan which is although slowly receding in Pakistan but still has a strong hold in the rural areas. This study also bring to light the war of struggling class against this upper class to get a better position in society. As regards method of current research, textual analysis is opted and applied to the text of In Other Rooms, Other Wonders
Dynamics of Invasion of Forces in Afghanistan: Analysis of ―The Kite Runner‖ and ―A Thousand Splendid Suns
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Asma Nawaz; CIIT/SP19-REL-005/LHR/LHR; Dr. Sardar Muhammad; LHR TP 6528
The land of Afghanistan has gone through many disasters in the last three decades of the 20th century. There were atrocities, violence, killing due to civil war and invasion of the Soviet Union. ―The Kite Runner‖ and ―A Thousand Splendid Suns‖ are two novels by Khaled Hosseini that describe what happened to Afghanistan during the period when the Soviet Union invaded and during the regime of the Taliban. The present study is an analysis of the impacts of invasion of the forces on Afghanistan described in ―The Kite Runner‖ and ―A Thousand Splendid Suns‖. Qualitative research with descriptive textual analysis is research methodology and Johan Galtung‘s theory ―Violence, Peace and Peace Research‖ in which he presents six distinctions of violence and typology of violence is applied as a theoretical framework. The results of the study of the two novels; show that forces have destroyed the peace of Afghanistan by killing its people, destroying its landscape and this work is important because it tells about the ravages that war and invasion brings and tells how these ravages affected the lives of the natives of Afghanistan.
Reflection of Cultural Identity; Analysis of Migration Narrative in ‘The Lightless Sky’ by Gulwali Passarly
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Kinza Afaq; CIIT/SP19-REL-004/LHR; Dr. Sardar Muhammad; LHR TP 6527
This dissertation analyses Gulwali Passarly’s the Lightless Sky to highlight the atrocities of migrants who do not have a voice. Under the vernacular of Cultural Identity theory by Jane Collier and Thomas Millat, this study presents a sharp contrast of cultural effects on the personality of migrant before and after migration. Textual analysis has used as a research method to interpret and analyze the text. The researcher has used a close reading and language analysis technique for this purpose. The study delineates the hope of salvation for a child refugee, and the sequential events of migration reveal the reshaping of cultural identity. The results of the study conclude that Gulwali Passarly’s character presents that how Cultural identity reshapes under several cultural influences and thus reveals the sufferings, emotions, pains, brutality of power, expressions, pitiable conditions, truths and challenges knitted with the words in the given genre of migration discourse.
The Influence of Ideology and Hegemony: Althusserian Analysis of Fatima Bhutto’s “The Shadow of the Crescent Moon
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Maria Sana; CIIT/SP19-REL-009/LHR; Dr. Sardar Muhammad; LHR TP 6532
This research focused to critically investigates Fatima Bhutto’s novel The Shadow of the Crescent Moon in terms of Althusser’s theory of Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. It is argued by Althusser, that in modern capitalist society ideological state apparatuses and repressive state apparatuses are used by state as major apparatuses in order to maintain and reproduce their domination on the oppressed and un-ruling class of society. Individuals are transformed into subjects through ISAs and individuals uncritically accept this subjection to the subject on which power is exerted through the process of subjection. This research tends to explore the subjugation of the oppressed people in tribal areas of Pakistan and role of the state in legitimizing the oppression with reference to the novel. It delineates the prejudiced and imperialistic attitude of state and non-state forces towards the backward people of tribal areas. This study portrays the impact of imposed ideologies on the people of tribal areas by applying Althusser’s Ideological and Repressive State Apparatuses on the novel to highlight the condition of the poor people who are being oppressed by the powerful people in the capitalist society. The present research also demonstrates Althusser’s major concepts including ideology, relationship of ideology to culture, ideological subjection, and interpellation the dominant concepts are examined and discussed through this novel. Simultaneously, Hegemony as a result of ISAs and RSAs is also analyzed.
Transition and Displacement of Liminal Zones in Jamil Ahmad’s “The Wandering Falcon
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Ammara Mehmood; CIIT/SP19-REL-010/LHR; Dr. Sardar Muhammad; LHR TP 6533
The present research deals with the concept of displacement and transition in The Wandering Falcon (2011) by Jamil Ahmad, explored through the theory of liminality. Liminality refers to a transitory and in-between state and a British Anthropologist Victor Turner’s viewed the liminality as a transitional state between two phases in which individuals did not belong to the society that they previously were a part of and they were not yet re-incorporated that society. Ahmad discusses the transitional experiences of the people living on the Balochi border. Textual analysis has been used as a research method to interpret and analyze the text. This research discovers the concept of transition and displacement through the character of Tor Baz as a displaced person, who adopts different tribal culture to adjust in new place. The purpose of this research is to explore the sense of displacement of the people residing on the Baluchi-Irani border zone and put together the Baluchi tribal community and the urban Pakistani society to disclose the façade of civilization. The significance of this research is to evaluate the tribal societal system in the Baluchi border region and the liminal existence of the residents. The research findings reveal the treatment of the government and other tribal hegemonies responsible for the liminal condition of the people living on border zone of Pakistan.