Browsing by Author "Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad"

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Cooking Through Solar Oven
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Ayesha Shakeel , Samina Iqbal; FA16-BPH-034 , FA16-BPH-057Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 5925
A unique and different design of double glazed solar oven with flat external reflectors at the top and front and an internal reflector at beneath the L-shaped absorber plate is numerically and parametrically studied. The maximum temperature attained by the internal absorber cavity of oven is within the range of 100-120oC. Overall energy balance on the absorber plate of proposed solar oven is solved by incorporating the effects of top, front and bottom reflectors. CFD simulations are used for the prediction of unknown buoyancy driven convective heat transfer co-efficient from the L-shaped absorber plate to the surrounding glass cover forming and enclosure. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the modeling results which leads to parametric study of solar oven. The effect of different components and various design parameters on the oven’s performance such as no. of glazing, spacing between glazing, thickness of glazing, influence of vertical and horizontal component of absorber plate, top, front and internal reflectors, and effect of absorber plate coatings are also discussed.
Effect of Ce-concentration on Structural Morphological and Physical Properties of Nickel Manganese Spinal Ferrites.
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Muhammad Iqbal Asif Kamboh; CIIT/SP23-RPH-007/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 9628
Cerium (Ce) substituted nickel manganese spinal ferrites (Ni0.3Mn0.7CexFe2-xO4, x=0.0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) have been synthesized by Hydrothermal method. The purpose of this research study was to observe the effect of cerium substitution on magnetic, electrical and structural properties of nickel manganese ferrites. Various characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the prepared samples. Moreover, for the investigation of magnetic characteristics of prepared samples by using vibrating magnetometer (VSM). XRD technique was employed to confirm a single phase spinal structure and observed that the increase in lattice parameters are noted as 8.37 Å to 8.53 Å by increment of Cerium. SEM images indicate that non-uniform size exists in nanoparticles and agglomerated. The FT-IR spectrum illustrates that the absorption peaks at octahedral B-sites was observed 650 cm-1 to 1115 cm-1. By the addition of cerium contents, the bands are transferred to higher frequency. The results by the CV indicate that the increase in scan rate, the specific capacitance reduces and loop area increases which shows that the investigated material is appropriate for storage devices including LIB s batteries.
Effects of Strontium (Sr) Substitution on Magnetic and Physical Properties of Barium Based Monoferrites Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Saba Yasmeen; CIIT/FA18-RPH-012/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6081
In this study, the hydrothermal method has been used to prepare Sr-substituted (SrxBa1- xFe2O4 x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) monoferrite with enhanced magnetization and higher active functional sites for easy magnetic separation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the samples (x= 0.1 and 0.3) reveal that the samples confirm single phase formation of BaFe2O4. The structural parameters such as lattice constants (a, b and c), unit cell volume (V) and X-ray density were calculated from XRD patterns and their values greatly match with the earlier reported values for this structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms that the samples have nano sized grain size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the stretching and bending vibrations of substituted ferrites. Vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM) was employed to measure the M-H loop of a selected sample. The shape of the loop reveals that the ferrite has soft magnetic nature having low value of coercivity (< 1000Oe). The observed parameters for the samples suggest that they may have applications in dielectric resonators, transformer cores, multilayer chip inductors and most importantly in adsorption of fluoride inos from drinking water where materials with low coercivity and moderate magnetization are desirable.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of MnLaxFe2-xO4 x = (0.0, 0.1, 0.2) Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Characteristics
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Muhammad Hamza; CIIT/SP20-RPH-037/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7692
Hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of lanthanum substituted manganese ferrites (MnLaxFe2-xO4, x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) to study the effect of substitution on structural, morphological and magnetic characteristics. Experimental characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and two probe technique were used to characterize the samples. A single-phase spinal structure was confirmed by XRD and lattice parameter was increased from 8.40 Å to 8.51 Å. SEM micrographs showed nanoparticles are agglomerated and are non-uniform in size. EDX analysis confirmed that substitution has been successfully achieved. The Raman spectra confirmed that the Raman mode is around 142cm-1 for pure manganese ferrite and this Raman mode shifted towards lower frequency with increasing the La content. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the absorption band of octahedral site is around 650 cm-1 for pure manganese ferrite and this band shifted towards lower frequency with increasing the La content because substitution of La increases the bond length. The M-H loops justified that substitution of nonmagnetic La+3 (0μB ) has decreased the saturation magnetization (Ms) and decreased the coercivity (Hc). The substitution of La increased the resistivity of the manganese ferrite which will make the material suitable for high frequency applications where low eddy current losses are desirable
Investigation of Nickel Substituted Magnesium Ferrites (NixMg1-xFe2O4, x = 0.0, 0.33, 0.67, 1.0) Prepared by Hydrothermal Technique
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Zeenat Jabeen; CIIT/FA20-RPH-002/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8348
Nickel substituted magnesium ferrites (NixMg1-xFe2O4) were prepared by hydrothermal technique to examine the effect of nickel substitution on the structural, magnetic and electrochemical properties of these materials. The samples were characterized using X ray diffraction, Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and VSM techniques. XRD diffraction indicated a single-phase spinal structure, and the lattice parameter was lowered from 8.40 Å to 8.33 Å. It was found that the Raman mode for pure magnesium ferrite was 140cm-1, and this mode decreased in frequency as the Ni concentration increased because the ionic radius of Ni is smaller than that of magnesium. Using FTIR, observed that the absorption band at the octahedral site of pure magnesium ferrite is 601cm-1, and that this band changed toward smaller frequencies when Ni concentration increased due to the increasing bond length. Analyzing the electrochemical kinetics of the synthesized sample was made possible according to cyclic voltammetry. With an increase in scan rate, the specific capacitance decreases and the loop size grows, according to results from CV. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the grain size and exterior surface morphology of the produced ferrites. The saturation magnetization and magnetic moment of magnesium ferrites increase as the Ni concentration increases according to M-H loop.
Investigation of NiO/Potato Peels Nanocomposite Prepared through Hydrothermal Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) AYESHA ANJUM; CIIT/FA21-RPH-025/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8592
One of the most important problems in the world today is the fluoride pollution of the surrounding waters due to activities and anthropogenic activities. Due to their high catalytic activity and large surface area, ferrite nanoparticles have gained interest in wastewater treatment. Synthesis of NiO/Potato Peels Nanocomposites using a hydrothermal process to remove fluoride from drinking water is exported in the present study. Various tests such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to identify the structure and morphology of the composite. The XRD results identified a single-phase structure with lattice parameters ranging from 8.38Å to 8.33Å. Agglomerated and heterogeneous-sized nanoparticles are seen in SEM micrographs. FTIR depicts the ranges of NiO within the repetitiveness range of 400–4000 cm-1. These incorporation bands, situated at 665 cm-1 and 543 cm-1, pertain to the extended shaking modes of the tetrahedral ore-oxygen bond and the octahedral ore- oxygen bond, individually.
Investigation of Sol-Gel Synthesized Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) /Egg Shell Powder for Transformer Core Materials
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Maham; CIIT/FA18-RPH-018/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6360
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) is compatible as a core material for transformers and inductors. Sideways with size and size dispersity, fixings engineering about core- shell shape, crystallinity, surface morphology and blend derivatives elasticities an extensive variety of probabilities for elementary studies as well as for extension and revolution. To increase the resistivity and decrease the eddy currents for working at high frequencies, egg-shell powder is introduced to increase the number of pores, surface area, pore size and volume. Egg shells cover 96% of calcite, with additional residents like magnesium, phosphates, and organic materials. The current study is aimed to get large resistivity of the developed Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) /eggshell powder Composite. Ferrite nanoparticles have some electronic and magnetic features which are quite different from their bulk counter parts . In all metal ferrites, zinc, nickel, and cobalt ferrites are mostly applied for different technological applications such as transformer core materials, multilayer chip inductors (MLCIs) and dielectric resonators etc. . In the current study cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4)/eggshell powder composite is prepared using sol-gel method due to its many advantages over other methods like coprecipitation, solid state reaction method, ball milling, micro emulsion, etc. After synthesis, the characteristics of developed magnetic core is investigated using XRD, SEM, EDX and VSM. Moreover, its electrical resistivity, permittivity and permeability is investigated using the two-probe method and impedance spectroscopy, respectively.
Investigation of Sr-substituted BaFe2O4 Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2017) Jawaria Shaheen; FA15-RPH-010; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6985
In the present work, Sr-substituted samples of single phase spinel mono ferrites with formula Ba1-xSrxFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00) were synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion method. A sample with x = 0.00 was chosen to heat treat at different temperatures (at 100oC, 300oC, 400oC, 600oC and 700oC for 4h) in order to confirm the single phase formation of the samples. The sample heat treated at these temperatures was then investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that single phase sample can be successfully synthesized at a temperature of 600oC which is much lower than the same structured samples reported in earlier literature. All the synthesized compositions of these samples were then sintered at 700°C for 4h for better crystallinity. These samples were then investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM), Vector network analysis (VNA). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that single-phase monobarium ferrites can be obtained at 600°C-700°C temperature for 4h. From XRD patterns, different structural parameters such as lattice parameters (a,b,c), cell volume (V) and X-ray diffraction density as a function of Sr2+ ions at Ba2+ sites were calculated. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the grain size increases as the temperature is increased because it is well known that increased heat treatment promotes the grain growth in ferrites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis gives us information about different groups of chemical compounds present in our material. From M-H loops of the samples (with x=0.0, 0.33, 0.67 and 1.00) measured by VSM, different magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remanance (Mr), coercivity (Hc) and magnetic moment (nB) were calculated. The value of coercivity (Hc) increases as the Sr substitution was increased in ferrite materials. In addition, the variation of different dielectric parameters (real permittivity, imaginary permittivity, real permeability, imaginary permeability, ac conductivity and loss tangent) as a function of frequency (-6GHz) has been discussed in the present work.
Lithium Ferrite (Li0.5Fe2.5O4): Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Evaluation for Storage Devices
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) MUHAMMAD SHAHID; CIIT/ FA19-RPH-065/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7268
Lithium ferrites were synthesized by the use of sol-gel technique. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to confirm the crystal structure of spinal ferrites. The evaluation of grain size and analysis of external surface morphology of synthesized lithium ferrites was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). EDX was made to know about the elemental composition of the material used. To analyze the Infrared absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) has been used. Magnetic characteristics such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remenance (Mr) and coercive force (Hc) are calculated with a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). CV measurements were made, to know about the electrochemical performance of the material. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed for the fabricated sample to scrutinize the electrochemical kinetics. CV results show that with the increase in scan rate specific capacitance decrease and area of the loop increases which is promising for the formation of supper capacitors and lithium ion batteries (LIB).
Magnesium Ferrite/Rice Husk Composite: The Study of Structural, Magnetic and Physical Properties
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Iqra Akhtar; CIIT/SP21-RPH-031/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8170
In this study, the Sol-Gel process was used to produce a composite from rice husk and magnesium ferrite. The aim was to see how effective it was at reducing fluoride from fluoridated water. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and RAMAN Spectroscopy were each used to assess the crystal structure, phase identification and chemical bonding characteristics, respectively. The produced ferrite reveals a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure in a single phase with no impurities in the sample, according to XRD data. The crystal structure is unaffected by the addition of rice husk due to its amorphous nature. The structural parameter values closely match with those previously reported for the identical structure. The produced ferrite is clearly spinel, according to the FTIR data, and has distinct stretching and vibrational peaks that are caused by the presence of several molecules in the compound. The measured parameters indicate that the manufactured composite may be used in a variety of contexts, such as water defluoridation. The manufactured material has been applied to a real water body for this purpose in order to evaluate the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial fluoride content in the water. Finally, these ferrites have been employed to remove fluoride ions from several drinking water sources in Lahore, and the results have been excellent
Nanostructured Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Orange Peels Composite: Synthesis and Insight into the Physical Properties
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Kiran Amin; CIIT/FA19-RPH-023/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7275
Fluoride is a non-metal that is frequently found in groundwater and poses a severe health risk to people across the world. To maintain appropriate fluoride concentrations, it is critical to remove excess fluoride from drinking water. To solve this problem, hydrothermal techniques were used to synthesis porous MgO nanostructured.Microscopic and diffractometric examination revealed that the as synthesized MgO nanostructures are porous, highly crystalline, and pure.Fruit waste is a viable alternative to standard chemical techniques for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles. MgO nanoparticles may be produced using a number of different chemical methods. The current study focuses on the hydrothermal production of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from orange trash. Because orange fruits contain Citric acid as a primary source in their peel, it functions as a reducing agent for MgO production. This approach is safe for the environment and non-toxic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the biologically produced MgO nanoparticles. For functional group analysis, FTIR is employed, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for morphological investigations. Antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of MgO nanoparticles are also extremely good.
Nickel Substituted Manganese Oxide and Graphene Oxide Composite (NixMn1-xO/GO) as Anode Material for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Afshan Tasleem; SP21-RPH-008; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8586
Lithium- ion batteries have come decreasingly popular in recent times due to their high energy viscosity and long cycle life. still, the demand for advanced energy viscosity and briskly charging times has led to a need for new and advanced electrode accoutrements . In this study, we probe a compound material of nickel- substituted manganese oxide and graphene oxide as a implicit seeker for high- performance lithium- ion batteries. The compound material was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal system and characterized using X-ray diffraction( XRD), surveying electron microscopy( SEM), RAMAN spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy( EDX), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and Cyclic Voltammetry( CV). XRD results verified the single phase boxy structure of the material and also confirm the successful doping of Ni to manganese oxide and graphene oxide compound. SEM results showed that the compound material had a well- defined liquid structure and a invariant flyspeck size distribution. EDX analysis also verified the successful negotiation with no other contaminations. FTIR analysis showed the immersion band of tetrahedral and octahedral spots at 658cm- 1 and 543cm- 1 independently for manganese oxide and shifted towards lower frequency for other samples. Electrochemical tests were performed on the compound material using coin cells, and the results showed bettered electrochemical performance compared to pure manganese oxide. The compound material displayed a advanced specific capacity of787.76 F/ g. The bettered electrochemical performance of the compound material can be attributed to several factors. The presence of nickel in the compound material helps to ameliorate the conductivity and enhances the structural stability of the electrode material. The graphene oxide, on the other hand, helps to ameliorate the electrode/ electrolyte interface and provides fresh active spots for lithium- ion insertion. The results demonstrate that the nickel- substituted manganese oxide and graphene oxide compound material has great eventuality for use in high- performance lithium- ion batteries.
Salt-Water Batteries as anAlternative Energy Source
(2020) Zahra Munir , Faiza Riaz; FA16-BPH-033 , FA16-BPH-080; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 5926
The Energy-sector plays a vital role in ensuring all-round development and growth of economy of a nation. Pakistan, despite the enormous potential of its energy resources, remains energy- deficient and must rely heavily on imports to satisfy its needs.This project is to find the best solution of salt-water as an electrolyte in battery cell for power generation. In order to generate a power source, the method of electrolysis was applied by using Iron and Copper as the negative and positive terminals respectively, the solution of salt-water as an electrolyte and Copper (II) sulphate (CuSO 4) as an additive. There were three conditions of experiment that were carried out;i) changing size of Iron strips and Copper strips, ii) changing volume of salt-water, iii) different amount of Copper (II) sulphate (CuSO 4). In the first condition, the result showed that the bigger the size of Copper strips, the higher the current value produced. While in the second condition, there was not much effect produced in current and voltage values. In the third condition, the addition of CuSO 4 gave a large positive impact on the power cell. Judging by this experiment, it is decided to inject some amount of CuSO4 in the electrolysis. The main reason of injecting CuSO 4 into the electrolysis was to boost up the current value. Thus, the results showed that the combination of abundant amount of salt-water with limited amount of Copper (II) sulphate solution (CuSO 4) was a viable alternative source for future power cell generation.
Sol-gel Synthesis of Mn-substituted Cupper Ferrite (MnxCu1-x Fe2O4, x=0, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00) Nano Particles as Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries.
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) Hamid Yaseen; CIIT/FA21-RPH-026/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8584
Mn substituted Cupper ferrites (MnxCu1-x Fe2O4, x=0, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00) have been synthesized from metal nitrates and citric acid by sol-gel method (chemical process). This study aims to know the effects of Mn substitution on structural, magnetic and electrochemical properties of Cupper ferrites. For characterizing the prepared ferrites, different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used. In addition, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) is used for investigation of magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization (Ms), residual magnetism (Mr) and coercive force (Hc). A single phase spinal structure was confirmed by XRD and lattice parameter was increased from 8.36 Å to 8.52 Å with increasing Mn contents. Micro-graphs of SEM show that nanoparticles are agglomerated and non-uniform in size. The FTIR spectrum shows that the absorption band of the octahedral B-site is at about 1422 cm-1 to 1434 cm-1. For pure cupper ferrite, band is shifted towards higher frequency by manganese content. CV results show that with increase in scan rate, specific capacitance decreases so the area of loop increases which clearly means that the investigated material is best for storage devices such as lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Sol-Gel Synthesized Cerium (Ce) Substituted M type Hexaferrites: Evaluation of Electrical and Magnetic Properties
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) MUSTANSAR JAVID; CIIT/SP19-RPH-037/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 6374
Cerium (Ce) substituted M-type hexaferrites BaCexFe12-xO19 (x= 0.0, 0.05, 0.10) synthesized by the use of sol-gel technique. After synthesis, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to confirm crystal structure of M-type hexagonal ferrites. The evaluation of grain size and analysis of external morphology of synthesized hexaferrites was being done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). To analyze the Infrared absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) has been used. The DC electrical resistivity has been studied by the use of two point probe technique. The increase in DC resistivity with increasing Ce-contents as the Fe+3 ions responsible for conduction have been reduced. Magnetic characteristics as saturation magnetization (Ms), remenance (Mr) and coercive force (Hc) are being calculated with a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM).
Structural and Electrical Properties of NiFe2O4/GO Composite Synthesized through Hydrothermal Process as an Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs)
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) SABA INAYAT; CIIT/SP20-RPH-009/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7708
Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) can be used as a high capacity electrode (anode) for LIBs. This research aims to enhance the performance of LIB’s by using a composite of NiFe2O4 with graphene oxide (GO). A facile hydrothermal process was used to synthesize NiFe2O4/GO composite. This composite was fabricated further by using the nanoparticles of spinel NiFe2O4 around 20 nm and varying quantity (1ml, 2ml and 3ml) of GO through hydrothermal process. Different experimental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and RAMAN were used to study the structural and morphological properties of this composite. At the end, the impact of the NiFe2O4/GO composite electrode on the working of lithium-ion batteries were studied using CV measurements. The results show that a solo phase spinal structure was identified by X-ray diffraction and lattice parameter (a) was gradually increased from 8.42 Å to 8.48Å. The FTIR shows the absorption band of octahedral site at about 597 cm-1 for pure NiFe2O4 and this band moved in the direction of higher frequency by increasing the GO concentration because substitution of GO reduces the bond length. Through cyclic voltammetry the NiFe2O4/GO electrodes was measured as an anode for lithium ion batteries that displayed excellent lithium storage enactment as well as good cycling durability , high-rate proficiency and high-rate reversible capacity
Study of Structure, Morphology, and Adsorption Properties of Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4/GO Composite Prepared by Hydrothermal Method.
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2023) AFAQ ARSHAD; CUI/FA21-RPH-029/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 8585
Environmental degradation, particularly water contamination, is causing more and more serious issues with human health today. Fluoride ions and heavy metals are the main sources of water pollution. In the current study, an in-situ approach was used to generate a Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4/GO nanocomposite that was examined for its ability to remove fluoride ions from water. Different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), are used to characterize the produced nanocomposite. The produced ferrite reveals a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure in a single-phase spinal structure with no impurities in the sample, according to XRD data. The agglomerated and variably sized nanoparticles were observed in SEM micrographs. For Nickel zinc ferrite, the FTIR spectra indicate the absorption band of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. A fluoride sensor was used in the nano synthesis lab to measure the amount of fluoride in the drinking water. The elimination of fluoride was conducted at various time intervals and in the pH range from 3 to 11. Finally, these ferrites have been employed to remove fluoride ions from several drinking water sources in Lahore, and the results have been excellent.
Synthesis and Investigation of NiFe2O4 with Orange Peel Composite Synthesized through Hydrothermal Method
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Azhar Saleem; CIIT/SP23-RPH-019/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 9639
In this work, nickel ferrite and orange peel extract were combined to create a composite using the hydrothermal technique. Its efficacy in lowering fluoride levels in fluoridated water was the main objective. The crystal structure, phase identification, and chemical bonding properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. According to XRD measurements, the generated ferrite exhibits a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure in a single phase with no impurities in the sample. Because orange peel extract is amorphous, adding it has no effect on the crystal structure. The values of the structural parameters closely resemble those of the same structure that have been previously published. The FTIR data shows that the generated ferrite is evidently spinel and has noticeable stretching and vibrational peaks that are brought on by the compound's many molecules. According to the observed parameters, the produced composite may be used to a number of situations, including defluoridating water. A natural water body has been treated with the generated material to evaluate the effects of pH, duration of contact, quantity of adsorbent and initial fluoride concentration.
Synthesis of Aluminum Substituted Nickel Ferrites via Hydrothermal Method and Investigation of Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Characteristics
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Shahid Hassan; CIIT/FA19-RPH-020/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 7247
Hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of Aluminum substituted Nickel ferrites (NiAlxFe2-xO4, x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) to study the effect of substitution of Al on structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Nickel ferrite. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive spectrum, Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Two Probe technique was used to characterize the samples. A single phase spinal structure was confirmed by XRD diffraction and lattice parameter was reduced from 8.40 Å to 8.25 Å.SEM micrographs showed nanoparticles are agglomerated and are non-uniform in size.EDX analysis confirmed that substitution has been successfully achieved. The FTIR spectrum revealed the absorption band of octahedral site is around 650 cm-1 for pure Nickel ferrite and this band shifted toward higher frequency with increasing the Al content because substitution of Al reduces the bond length. The M-H loop justified that substitution of nonmagnetic Al+3 (0μB) decreased the Saturation magnetization (Ms) and increased the Coercivity (Hc). The substitution of Al increased the resistivity of the Nickel ferrite which will make the material suitable for high frequency applications and where low eddy current losses are desirable.
Synthesis of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO Composite Through Hydrothermal Method and Insight into the Physical Properties
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Anam Munir; CIIT/FA23-RPH-005/LHR; Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad; LHR TP 9840
Hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of Cobalt-Nickel Ferrites/Graphene Oxide (Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO) to study the physical properties. The goal of adding GO to the ferrite matrix was to improve the composite's optical, morphological, and structural properties. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron microscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy and RAMAN Spectroscopy was used to characterize the samples. A single-phase spinal structure was confirmed by XRD diffraction and lattice parameter was reduced from 8.40 Å to 8.25 Å.SEM micrographs showed nanoparticles are agglomerated and are non-uniform in size. The optical bandgap changed significantly increasing GO content, according to UV-Vis analysis, indicating increased optical absorption. The effective integration of the GO and ferrite phases was further confirmed by Raman spectra. These results demonstrate the promise of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO nanocomposites for innovative uses in water purification. However, there will be the study of the physiology fibrillation of the fluoride ions in the contaminated water with help to chemo sorption by the application of first order (PFO) and second order (PSO) model. This project’s findings also improved the experimental studies of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4/GO composite