Browsing by Author "Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui"

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A Comparative Study of Topological Descriptors for Benzyl Sulfamoyl Network
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-14) Ayesha Maqbool; FA22-RMT-043; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9358
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geomet ric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Benzyl Sul famoyl Network BSb. Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Benzyl Sulfamoyl Network BSb. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R 2 . Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Benzyl Sulfamoyl Network BSb.
Analyzing Topological Indices for Phenylacetone Monooxygenase Network Using Curve Fitting Model
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-18) Rimsha Noreen; SP23-RMT-025; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9568
Graph theory has been widely utilized across various fields, with a significant rise in its application in molecular graph theory. In recent years, researchers have explored numerous new directions in this domain. A chemical graph is a labeled graph in which vertices represent atoms in a compound, and edges denote chemical bonds between these atoms. To determine the physical and chemical properties of molecular structures, the study of topological indices is crucial. This work focuses on topological indices, co-indices, and reverse degree-based indices of the Phenylacetone Monooxygenase Network (Pa3Mo). Subsequently, physical proper ties, such as the heat of formation for Pa3Mo are analyzed. Curve fitting techniques were employed to establish relationships between various indices and the corresponding heat of formation. These analyses were conducted using MATLAB, utilizing both linear and non-linear methods. Metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), and the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) were used to evaluate the performance of these methods. Graphical representations of these indices were also provided to aid inter pretation. These mathematical frameworks enable a detailed study of the thermodynamic characteristics of the chemical structure Pa3Mo. Additionally, machine learning techniques, particularly regression models, were ap plied to investigate the relationship between the indices and the corresponding volume of Pa3Mo. Models were developed using data from ten iterations of Pa3Mo, and their perfor mance was evaluated using metrics such as correlation coefficient (R), (R 2 ), and Standard Error (SE).
Computing Degree Based Topological Indices for Copper Iodide
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Sadiq; FA21-RMT-050; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous researchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues. A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under investigation molecular structures. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and coindices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Copper Iodide (CuI). Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Copper Iodide (CuI). Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R2. Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermodynamical properties of the chemical structure Copper Iodide (CuI).
Computing Degree Based Topological Indices for Zinc Selenide
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-14) Saba Karam; FA22-RMT-020; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9364
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geomet ric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of zinc selenide Network ZnSe. Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of zinc selenide Network ZnSe. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corre sponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R 2 . Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure zinc selenide Network ZnSe2.
Computing Degree Based Topological Indices of Calcium Hydroxide
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2022) Hammad Ali; CIIT/FA20-RMT-036LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 7938
‘Graph Theory is playing a key role in applied and pure Mathematics. The scope of Graph Theory is expanding day by day. ‘ In this thesis, we computed some topological indices, Co-indices and reverse degree- based indices such as ffirst‘ and ‘second Zagreb‘co-index, first and‘second multiple ‘Zagreb co-index‘forgotton‘topological co-index, atom bond‘connectivity co- index,‘geometric arithmetic co-index , Balaban index and general‘Randic index ‘for‘∝ = 1, −1, 1 2 , − 1 2 ‘for Calcium Hydroxide. My thesis comprising of five chapters. In the first chapter, we will define some basic definitions. In the 2nd chapter, we will find topological indices of Calcium Hydroxide structure. In the 3rd chapter, we will find topological Co-Indices of Calcium Hydroxide structure. In the 4th chapter, we will find reverse degree based topological indices of Calcium Hydroxide structure. In the 5th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis.
Degree Based Topological Co-Indices of Chemical Graphs
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2021) Nazir Hussain; CIIT/SP20-RMT-021/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 7631
Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis, we have evaluated some degree based topological co-indices, namely, the general Randic co-index for ∝= 1, −1, 1 2 , − 1 2 , the atom bond connectivity co- index, the geometric arithmetic co-index, the first and second Zagreb co-indices, the first and second Zagreb co-indices, the forgotten co-index, the hyper Zagreb co-index, the Balaban co-index, the first and second multiple Zagreb co-indices, the redefined first, second and third Zagreb co-indices for some chemical and lattices graphs like as line graph of Metal Organic Networks, Triangular Benzenoids Gn ⱯϵN, Zigzag edge cornoid fused with starphene zcs(k,l,m), Hony comb network (Hcn), Hydro chloroquine HCQ Conjugated Hydroxyethyl. My thesis comprising of eight chapters. In the first chapter we will define some fundamental definitions. In the 2nd chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for line graph of Metal Organic Networks. In the 3rd chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Triangular Benzenoids Gn ⱯϵN. In the 4th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Zigzag edge cornoid fused with starphene zcs(k,l,m). In the 5th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Hony comb network (Hcn). In the 6th chapter, we will find degree based topological Co- indices for Hydro chloroquine HCQ Conjugated Hydroxyethyl. In the 7th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. In the last, we will present the references of our thesis
Degree Based Topological Co-Indices of Graphs
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2020) Muhammad Nasir; SP19-RMT-032; LHR TP 6481; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis we computed some topological coindices like as First and Second zagreb co-index, First and Second multiplicative zagreb coindex, Forgotton topological coindex, Atom bond connectivity coindex, Geometric arithmetic coindex and general Randic coindex for ∝= 1,−1, ଵ ଶ ,−ଵ ଶ for some chemical and networking graphs like as David derived network; ??(2), Dominating david derived network; ???(2), Regular Triangular Silicate network of dimension n; ????(?), Triangular chain cactus; ??, Oraganosilicon dendrimer ?[?]; ? ≥ 1; 2, Para chain square cactus; ?? ,Ortho chain square cactus; ??, Tetrathiafulvalene dendrimers; ??2[?]. My thesis comprising of four chapters. In the first chapter we will define some fundamental definitions. In the 2nd chapter, we will find Co-indices for David derived network, dominating David derived network, Regular triangular silicate network of dimension ? and Oraganosilicon dendrimer ?[?] graphs. In the 3rd chapter, we will find Triangular chain cactus, Para chain square cactus, Ortho chain square cactus, Tetrathiafulvalene dendrimers. In the 4th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. In the last, we will present the refrences of our thesis.
Degree Based Topological Indices of Some Chemical Graphs
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021) Zafar Iqbal; FA19-RMT-037; LHR TP 7434; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis we computed some topological indices like as First and Second zagreb index, First and Second zagreb co-index, First and Second multiplicative zagreb index, Forgotten topological index, Hyper zagreb index, Atom bond connectivity index, Geometric arithmetic index, augmented zagreb index, Balaban index, general Randic index for ∝= 1, −1, 1 2 , − 1 2 and Redefined first, second and third zagreb index for some chemical graphs like as Hydroxy chloroquine, Chloroquine, H-Naphtalenic Nanosheet and Dexamethasone. My thesis comprising of four chapters. In the first chapter we will define some fundamental definitions and we will see the literature review. In the 2nd chapter, we will find indices for the chemical graph of Hydroxy chloroquine and Chloroquine and then we will draw the numerically and graphically comparison of different indices. In the 3rd chapter, we will find indices for the chemical graph of H-Naphtalenic nanosheet and Dexamethasone and then we will draw the numerically and graphically comparison of different indices. In the 4th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. At the last we will represent the reference of our thesis.
Exploring Topological Indices for Magnesium Nitrogen via Curve Fitting Model
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Nida Ahsan (FA23-RMT-046); Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9789
The use of graph theory in many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic´ index, atom bond connectivity in- dex, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, for- gotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4. Afterward, we found the physical measures like the heat of formation of Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and the corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R2. Fur- ther, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Magnesium Nitrogen MgN4
On Characterization of Topological Properties for Cubic Zirconia Network
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islambad Lahore Campus, 2023-03-13) Tayyaba Noor; SP22-RMT-015; LHR TP 8722; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
The utilization of graph theory in multiple branches of research has been vastly enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous researchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues. A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under investigation molecular structures. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Cubic Zirconia Network (𝑍𝑟𝑂2). Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Cubic Zirconia Network (𝑍𝑟𝑂2). Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or 𝑅 2 . Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Cubic Zirconia Network (𝑍𝑟𝑂2)
On Degree baesed Topological Indices for Molybdenum Telluride Network
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-14) Sehrish Hina; FA22-RMT-019; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9361
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, aug mented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Molybdbdenum Telluride Network MoTe2
On Physical Analysis of Topological Indices for Palladium Selenide Crystals
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-17) Muhammad Aleem; FA22-RMT-023; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9336
The use of graph theory in many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic index, atom bond connectivity in dex, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, for gotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Palladium Selenide Crystals PdSe2. Further, we gave graphical representations of these in dices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure of Palladium Selenide Crystals PdSe2.
On Some Regular Properties of Fuzzy Graph
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021) Mohsan Majeed; FA19-RMT-027; LHR TP 7388; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Graph theory is playing a key role in applied and pure mathematics. The scope of graph theory is expanding day by day. In this thesis, we study the definition of fuzzy graph, complete fuzzy graph, strong fuzzy graph, regular fuzzy graph, totally regular fuzzy graph with illustrative example and properties of regular and totally regular fuzzy graph. We discuss the concept of uniform vertex and uniform edge fuzzy graph with examples also we check the results related to uniform vertex and uniform edge fuzzy graph. We see that the concept of uniform vertex and uniform edge fuzzy graph is useful in the study of regular and totally regular fuzzy graph. We also see the definition of complement of fuzzy graph and properties of self-complement fuzzy graph and we study some other operations on fuzzy graph such that union, join, composition, direct product, semi strong product and strong product. We read the notion of balanced fuzzy graph. At last we see the fuzzy soft graph, complete fuzzy soft graph, regular fuzzy soft graph, totally regular fuzzy soft graph with examples and some of their important properties. My thesis comprising of seven chapters. In the first chapter we will define of fuzzy graph regular fuzzy graph and totally regular fuzzy graph. In the 2th chapter, we will define uniform vertex fuzzy graph and uniform edge fuzzy graph. In the 3th chapter, we will discuss complement of fuzzy graph. We will check union and join of two fuzzy graphs. In the 4th chapter, we will discuss three more operations on fuzzy graph. In the 5th chapter, we will see the concept of the fuzzy soft graph and various types of fuzzy soft graph with examples. In the 6th chapter, we will present the conclusion of our thesis. In the 7th chapter, we will present the references of our thesis.
On Statistical Analysis of Topological Indices for Beyrllium Oxide
(Library Information Services, CUI Lahore, 2022) Amina Bashir; SP21-RMT-017; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
The utilization of graph theory in multiple branches of research has been vastly enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous researchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues.A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under investigation molecular structures. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and coindices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Beyrllium Oxide( BeO).Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Beyrllium Oxide( BeO). Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R2. Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermodynamical properties of the chemical structure Beyrllium Oxide(BeO).
On Statistical Analysis of Topological Indices for Titanium Diboride Network
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2025) Rimsha Saher (FA23-RMT-033); Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9779
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Titanium Diboride Network TiB2. Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Titanium Diboride Network TiB2. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corresponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R2. Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Titanium Diboride Network TiB2. ix
On Topological Aspects of Molecular Graph of Copper Sulfide
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Maryam Shahid; CIIT/SP24-RMT-011/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 10073
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Copper Sulfide Network CuS.
On Topological Aspects of Molecular Graph of Iron Telluride
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Lahore Campus, 2024-03-17) Hira Ahmed; FA22-RMT-025; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9337
The use of graph theory to many fields of study has increased significantly, especially in the field of chemical graph theory. Many scholars have been able to explore a range of new directions in the last few years. A chemical graph is a named graph in which the atoms of a compound are represented at the vertices, and the edges represent chemical bonds between atoms. Determining various physical and chemical properties of the molecular structures under study requires an examination of topological indices. Firstly, we focused on degree based topological indices, namely Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geomet ric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Iron Telluride Network FeTe2. Afterwards, we found the physical measures like heat of formation of Iron Telluride Network FeTe2. Then, we fitted curves between different indices and corre sponding heat of formation. Curve fitting was done in MATLAB through different methods based on linearity and non-linearity. The performance of the method was tested using mean squared error (MSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE) or R 2 . Further, we gave graphical representations of these indices. These mathematical frameworks might provide a way to study the thermo dynamical properties of the chemical structure Iron Telluride Network FeTe2.
On Topological Indices of Molecular Graph of Bismuth Iodide
(2024) Maira Alam CIIT/FA20-BSM-020/LHR Momina Khalil CIIT/FA20-BSM-072/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9897
The utilization of graph theory in multiple branches of research has been vastly enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous re- searchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues. A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under-investigation molecular struc- tures. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Molecular Graph of Bismuth(|||) Iodide.
On Topological Indices of Molecular Graph of Copper(II) Flouride
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Irfan Ali (FA20-BSM-050) : Faizan Mustafa (FA20-BSM-070); Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9906
The utilization of graph theory in multiple branches of research has been vastly enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous re searchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues. A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under-investigation molecular struc tures. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augmented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Molecular Graph of Copper(II) Flouride
On Topological Indices of Molecular Graph of Icosahedral Nanosheet
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Seerat; CIIT/SP21-BSM-032/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui; LHR TP 9892
The utilization of graph theory in multiple branches of research has been vastly enhanced, particularly in the domain of chemical graph theory. Over the past few years, numerous re- searchers have been able to pursue a variety of novel avenues. A chemical graph is a named graph where the edges reflect chemical bonds between atoms and the vertices reflect the atoms of a compound. The investigation of topological indices is crucial for determining numerous physical and chemical characteristics of the under-investigation molecular struc- tures. Firstly, we focused on degree-based topological indices, namely the Randic index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, the first and the second Zagreb indices and co-indices, the first and the second multiple Zagreb indices and co-indices, hyper Zagreb index, forgotten index, augm,ented Zagreb index, Balaban index, redefined Zagreb type indices, of Molecular ,Graph of Icosahedral Nanosheet.