Browsing by Author "Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal"

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Anti-Biofilm Activity of Medicinal Plants Extracts against Burn Isolates
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Waseem Akram; FA18-R06-014; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6493
Out of complications, burnt skin is a leading medical, social and economic problem. Proper management of burn wounds is complicated and involves a lot of necessary measures. This study aims at evaluation of clinical and microbial characteristics of burn infections and effects of Ziziphus mauritiana extracts in curing and healing process of burns. Burn wound healing is complicated phenomenon which includes the processes for tissue repairing, elimination of inflammation, granulation, epithelialization and wound contraction. The infections caused by the certain bacteria have become a major challenge in the treatment of burn wounds and has become associated with the morbidity and mortality rates in hospitals. Despite the advances in the medication processes, a great number of world populations still depend upon the traditional medicines. The traditional herbal methods used for the treatment of burns wounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects. The most common individual isolates in burn patients are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter sp. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Out of these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were selected for the following study. These organisms were sensitive as well as resistant to most of antibiotics. The biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were made on glass substrata from the samples taken from the burn wounds by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Activity of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves extracts against the organisms in the form of biofilm was estimated. This study aims at evaluation of Anti-biofilm activity of Ziziphus mauritiana extracts could be developed as an organic medication and safe treatment method for the burn patients.
Bioactivity of Herbal Extracts use as Antidiabetic and Anticancer drugs
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2024) Rabia Nawaz; FA22-R06-016; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 9327
Plants are essential for human well-being, providing vital resources and medicinal benefits. This study focused on a medicinal plant Salvadora oleoides, investigating its potential as antidiabetic and anticancer agents. Synthetic drugs have limitations, while herbal medicines offer safer alternative research. Current study aimed to find effective and safe phytoconstituents to replace synthetic drugs. Different extracts were obtained through sequential extraction using methanol, acetonitrile and 2-propanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key chemical constituents. A multimodal approach was used, including in vivo CAM assay on fertilized eggs, albino rat experiments. The study evaluated Salvadora oleoides' ability to stop cancer cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in a physiological setting, providing new insights into its anticancer potential. Additionally, tests were conducted on blood glucose regulation in albino rats. The 500mg/ml of 2-propanol extract showed significant antidiabetic activity, with inhibition rates of 83%. The antiangiogenic activity of extracts was evaluated using the CAM assay. The methanol extracts at 1000µg/ml showed significant potential with a 57.91% inhibition rate. The positive control, Sorafenib, exhibited a significant inhibition rate of 58.89%. The 500mg/ml of 2 propanol extract showed significant antidiabetic activity, with inhibition rates of 83%. The results suggest Salvadora oleoides's potential as a natural treatment for cancer and diabetes. The results showed that extracts of Salvadora oleoides extract with 2- propanol has highest antidiabetic activity. Overall, the results highlighted the superior synergistic anti-diabetic and anti-angiogenic potential of the methanol and 2-propanol extracts in comparison to the acetonitrile extract, suggesting their suitability for the development of natural antidiabetic and antiangiogenic agents.
Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Ethanol
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Salman Munawar; FA18-R06-022; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6500
Fuel cells attract validation every day due to the important characteristics of Pt, Pd, Ru and Rh as the traditional catalysts, including no mobile portion and energy generation, but also because they are uncommon and costly, they also produce toxic, intermediate, and slow-cinematic reactions. In this study, CoSe/CNT material was prepared which is responsible for methanol oxidation reaction in methanol fuel cell. The CoSe/CNT material has been synthesized through using of selenium (Se) along with cobalt chloride hexahydrate. For this preparation, single step hydrothermal is applied. XRD confirmed the successful composite synthesis along with SEM. x Laterally, the synthesized material has showed remarkable use in electrochemical reaction such as oxidation reaction of methanol studies. The trustable technique such as cyclic voltammetry has been applied which confirmed that the methanol oxidation is a diffusion-controlled process and forward peak current and peak potential increase with the scan rate when varying between 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s. This technique was performed in acidic medium on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via three electrode electrochemical system. The oxidation reaction of methanol is catalyzed by CoSe@CNTs catalyst and remarkable current density with peak value of 6.4 mA/cm2 by using 0.6 potential with scan rate of 50mV/s. The lower charge transfer resistance Rct has been confirmed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and catalyst was highly stable.
Detection and Differentiation of Bovine and Porcine Gelatin in Commercial Products
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Shakeela Mansha; FA18-R06-029; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6503
Gelatin is commonly used in different commercial products. The font of gelatin is from porcine or bovine. Gelatin is much similar in illustration of composition, physicochemical properties and arrangement of Amino acids yet having different source. Due to these similarities, differentiation to find source is become challenging. In this present work, the sources of gelatin were find out in a very economical but simple method to ensure Halal food products. This examination was done to extricate and portray gelatin from various business products. Then treated with 1% NH4HCO3 having pH 8.0 at 25℃ for 24 hours. The gelatins were treated by trypsin enzyme, and the succeeding peptides were evaluated by HPLC–MS. The marker peptides specific for bovine like and porcine were efficiently gotten in the split with bull like and porcine gelatin. Comparable examinations exhibited that specific peptide marker show the presence of porcine gelatin. It was noticed that proline hydro-xylation was the main factor impacting the peptide ID. For instance, GPPGSAGSPGK and GPPGSAGAPGK perceived in prepared bull like and porcine gelatin. The outcomes demonstrate that identification of peptides in the processed gelatin test utilizing High performance liquid chromatography along with mass spectrometry is a viable strategy to separate among cow-like and porcine gelatin. Skyline software was used to interpret the graphs. TIC and MRM studies was done to interpret the data. We have discovered certain peptide markers which are valuable to separate porcine and ox-like gelatin. Sample no.6 was the focal point of concern since it shows the peptide marker of both porcine and ox-like peptide. Remaining examples indicated whether the source is ox-like or porcine.
Determination and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Food and Animal Feed
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2022-02-26) Muhammad Zain-ul-Hassan; FA20-R06-009; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 7880
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that cause food contamination, sickness, and have a significant impact on both animal and human health. Aspergillus species create aflatoxins, which are dangerous mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was to determine the amounts of aflatoxins in food and animal feed samples. A total of 30 food samples including (White rice, Brown rice, Pistachio, Almonds, Peanuts) and 30 Broiler feed samples including (Starter, Grower, Finisher) were gathered from food and broiler farms. Contamination was discovered in 44 samples using the Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) method and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), with 10 (33%) being contaminated beyond the allowed level and 14 (47%) being contaminated within the permissible range. The reduction in Aflatoxins level both in food and animal feed samples was observed by using different physical methods including heating which showed about 88% degradation of Aflatoxins in food samples and about 65.8% in animal feed samples, Gamma radiations up to 10kGy showed degradation up to 45% in food and 51% in feed samples and chemical method showed 96.6% degradation of Aflatoxins in food samples and 95.5% degradation in animal feed samples by applying ammonia concentration up to 2%. This study found that food and broiler feed samples taken from different farms were contaminated, possibly due to poor food and feed storage conditions. It is suggested that authorities require improved storage conditions and regular monitoring in order to decrease aflatoxins contamination.
Development of Bio-Degradable Films from Fish Wastes
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Nasir Ali; FA18-R06-034; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6505
Presented research proposal comprises on the extraction of Gelatin from different fish waste materials like skin, bones and scales. Gelatin is mostly used in different food recipes to develop flavor and texture. Rohu fish gelatin is an excellent replacement to artificial plastics for making films to prevent food contamination. In this context, fish gelatin is getting commercial interest due to high collagen content, diverse gelatin and generation of low environmental pollution ultimately. Different extraction procedures based on acidic and alkaline methods will be employed to get good gelatin yield for the development of decomposable gelatin films (Thin layers) for packaging materials. Finally, an extracted gelatin will be characterized by UV, FTIR and XRD.
Development Of Indigenous Adsorbent Material to Reduce Toxicants from Used Cooking Oils
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Perveen Kanwal; SP20-R06-018; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 7572
Modern research aims to use eco-friendly and indigenous materials for purification of used cooking oils. In this context, clay has gained significant importance and applied as an Eco compatible and low-cost resource. The effects of indigenous adsorbents were examined by determining the following quality parameters: acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), density and viscosity. Indigenous adsorbents with different ratio as 2:8, 4:6, 5:5 and 8:2 was formed by coprecipitation method. Fuller’s earth-China clay material is activated by acid to check its enhanced capability. The surface area and pore size of adsorbents are increased after treatment with organic acid, which absorb more impurities. The experiments showed that the oil is suitable for consumption after the purification by fuller’s earth-China clay composites material with the help of filtration method. Free fatty acid value before treatment was 2.98% and after treatment FFA value is 0.91% which shows 70% FFA value recovery Peroxide value before treatment was 45miliequ/1000 and after treatment by adsorbent is 10milliequ/1000 that is 77% recovery rate. After treatment of used cooking by adsorbents produced about 80% to 85% fresh oil. Characterization of prepared indigenous adsorbents is done by FTIR, XRD, SEM and BET which confirm its efficiency for oil purification.
Development Of Visual Biosensor For The Detection Of Alcohol Contamination In Food And Beverages
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Iqra Rubab; SP19-R06-016; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6519
A biosensor based on Peroxidase (POD) immobilized onto Polyaniline film (PANI) for determination of ethanol contamination in beverages and food is described. The biosensor changes color from green to blue when come in contact with ethanol by producing acetaladehyde and hydrogen peroxide via enzyme catalyzed reaction. The produced hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the PANI film. To obtain this biosensor, the extraction of Peroxidase (POD) from Ipomoea batatas (sweet potatoes) is first described. The activity of crude extract of Peroxidase was determined spectrophotometrically before and after centrifugation. The extracted Peroxidase (POD) was immobilized onto Polyaniline (PANI) film by adsorption method. The solution of Peroxidase (POD) was deposited on PANI film and left for 30 minutes for drying purposes. The biosensor was fabricated in the form of dipping strips for simple, easy and visual use. The color changes of the films were analyzed through image analysis software (ImageJ) to get the amount of ethanol in samples. The mean RGB values resulted in the quantification of ethanol in different samples. The resulted biosensor showed accurate results for ethanol determination. Therefore it can be used for simple and visual to detect ethanol in foods and drinks as well as for Muslim countries for halal verification.
Efficacy of Linseeds for the Removal of Biofilm in Diabetic Foot Isolates
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-23) Mualla Haroon; FA18-R06-024; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6502
Flaxseed is beneficial for the human consumption as it contains omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linoleic acids, lignans, and valuable fibers. It helps in the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The proximate composition of flaxseed determines that it contains 80% globulins and 20% glutein. Flax contains almost 20% of fiber. Flax contains both soluble and insoluble fibers which are almost 20:80 and 40:60. Flaxseeds have a great medicinal effect. It helps in the treatment of various diseases especially diabetes. This research work focuses on the antimicrobial activity of Linseeds and above all the major focus was to treat the foot ulcer of diabetic patient by using Linseed extract. The foot bandages of these patients were collected and thus treated with extract to kill microorganisms present on it. Antimicrobial activity was carried out in a Laminar flow to keep germs away from the working area. Similarly, the bandages were also kept in close plastic bags to avoid contamination. Proximate analysis confirms moisture content 8.33 %, ash content 4.33 %, crude protein 21.20 %, crude fat 49.2% and crude fiber 5.63%. It was revealed that gram positive bacteria are most prevalent among all study groups. Linseed extract possess significant bactericidal potential against s. aureus among all other microbes. Owing to this potential, linseed coated bandages can be used alternatively for the treatment of diabetic foot. The present research work emphases on the health benefits of Linseeds and its application in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. The development of linseed bandages should be initiated as future medicine for patients having diabetic foot ulcers.
Enzymatic Removal of Biofilm from the Clinical Isolates of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-19) Aroosa Sadaf; FA18-R06-015; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6494
Diabetes Mellitus is an aggregation of metabolic disorder in which increase in blood glucose level is reported for a prolonged period which cause many complications in humans. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the main complications which caused by Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetic foot ulcer has severe medical, economic and social effects for prolonged time. Proper management of burn wounds is complicated and involves a lot of necessary measures. This study aims at evaluation of clinical and microbial characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers and effects of Protease enzyme in curing and healing process of these ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers healing is complicated phenomenon which involves many complicated processes for tissue repairing. The infections caused by the certain bacteria have become a major challenge in the treatment of foot ulcers and has become associated with the morbidity and mortality rates in hospitals. Despite the advances in the medication processes, there is no reliable and successful treatment method for the diabetic foot ulcers. The most common individual isolates in foot ulcers are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter sp. and Escherichia coli. Out of these strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were selected for this study. These organisms were sensitive as well as were resistant to most of antibiotics. The biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were made on glass substrata from the samples taken from foot ulcers by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Activity of crude protease enzyme against the isolates in the form of biofilm was estimated. This study aims at evaluation of Anti-biofilm activity of protease enzyme that could be developed as an alternative, fast and safe treatment method for the diabetic foot ulcers.
Evaluation of Thermal Processing of Commercially Available Milk Brands in Lahore A
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Ayesha; SP20-R06-019; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 7573
Raw milk and commercially available milk samples were tested for the alkaline phosphatase activity to evaluate the efficacy of the pasteurization of milk. A colorimetric assay used for the kinetic determination of serum alkaline phosphatase was employed to detect ALP in the targeted samples. The colorimetric assay uses p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the reaction substrate. When ALP acts upon this substrate, it breaks down into a phosphate group and p-nitrophenol which produces the characteristic yellow color in the solution. The increase in absorbance of the solution measured at 405 nm is directly related to the ALP activity in the respective sample. Sample solution and reagents were mixed well and then subjected to spectrophotometric readings using 405 nm. Three raw milk samples were tested firstly as a whole and then after fat removal through centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 30 min. Seven UHT and three naturally pasteurized commercial milk samples available in the local market were used for the ALP detection in this study. Significant values for ALP activity in raw milk samples were observed whereas, for all the pasteurized samples, the test was observed to be negative. This negative result for the pasteurized samples indicated that effective pasteurization was carried out before the milk was packed to be sold in the market. Casein is the major protein found in milk in the concentration of 35g/L. It exists in the form of a heterogeneous mixture of phosphorous-containing proteins. It is a slow-digesting dairy protein that reduces muscle breakdown and improves recovery and muscle growth. In addition to the ALP activity determination, casein isolation and measurement were also carried out in 1 raw milk sample and all the 10 pasteurized samples. The obtained mean value of casein was 3.43g per 100 ml of milk sample, whereas the values for standard deviation and relative standard deviation were 0.08 and 2.54 respectively. Based on the negative results for ALP and actual yield of casein found to be closer to the theoretical yield for all the samples it can be suggested that all of the targeted milk brands were safe to be consumed
Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents from Anti-hemorrhagic Herbal Mixture
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-26) Ali Hamza Sajid; FA21-R06-028; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 8458
Plants are essential for human well-being, providing vital resources and medicinal benefits. This study focused on a herbal mixture comprising Nigella sativa (40%), Cassia senna (20%), Oscimum basilicum (20%), and Mentha piperita (20%), investigating their synergistic potential as anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic agents. Chronic ailments activate inflammatory and angiogenic pathways, causing swelling, pain, and bleeding. Synthetic drugs have limitations, while herbal medicines offer a safer alternative research Current studies aimed to find effective and safe phytoconstituents to replace synthetic drugs. Different extracts were obtained through sequential extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key chemical constituents. HPLC confirmed that methanol extracts contained polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, m-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid, while the chloroform extracts contained phenolic compounds including quercetin, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid. The antiangiogenic activity of extracts was evaluated using the CAM assay. The methanol extracts at 1000μg/ml showed significant antiangiogenic activity with a 57.91% inhibition rate. The 500μg/ml concentration also showed significant potential with a 39.56% inhibition rate. The high dose of the chloroform extract displayed significant results, while the petroleum ether extract did not show significant effects. The positive control, Sorafenib, exhibited a significant inhibition rate of 55.89%. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test. The 500mg/kg dose of the methanol and chloroform extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, with inhibition rates of 93.49% and 78.35% respectively after 120 minutes. At 90 minutes, the methanol extract exhibited an inhibition rate of 86.79%, while the chloroform extract showed an inhibition rate of 71.84%. The 250mg/kg concentration of both extracts also displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The petroleum ether extract exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity only at the 500mg/kg concentration. Overall, the results highlighted the superior synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic potential of the methanol and chloroform extracts in comparison to the petroleum ether extract, suggesting their suitability for the development of natural anti-in
Identification of Gelatin Sources in Commercial Products from Super Markets
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Sadia Nasim; FA22-R06-012; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 9310
Gelatin is a colourless, tasteless biopolymer protein derived from animals’ tissue and carcass. It has various commercial applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industry. Common gelatin origins are bovine, porcine and marine animals. Ethnic and religious ‘believes are attached with gelatin sources for Muslims and Jews, where halal authenticity is crucial for Muslims. Gelatin derived from porcine, and bovine have similar physical appearance and taste and identification of these gelatin source origin are challenging. Pakistan is a dominant Muslim population country, and several imported products are displayed in supermarkets for consumers, which are not labelled with the source of gelatin. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the authenticity of products circulating in local market. In this study, 16 samples of local and international brands were collected from leading departmental stores of different parts of Lahore city. Gelatin from commercial samples were extracted with cold acetone method, separated with centrifuge and stored at -20°C. The separated gelatin was again dissolved in water for characterization studies. FTIR was used with the combination of chemometrics. The results showed characteristic peaks in two windows of 1470–1475 cm−1 and 1444–1450 cm−1. The further identification of all samples was done by ELISA. This study indicated doubts of adulteration in three imported products with no-halal logo printed, while one product showed the poultry source of chicken skin. All these four products were edible food products.
Nutritional Evaluation of Fresh Vegetables as a Source of Water-Soluble Vitamins
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Wishah Mahmood; SP22-R06-006; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 8645
Water-soluble vitamins are imperative for good health because they work as cofactors and coenzymes in numerous metabolic processes. Long recognised as rich suppliers of these essential elements, fresh veggies are. With a focus on vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folate), and vitamin B12 (cobalamin), this study presents a thorough evaluation of fresh vegetables as a source of water-soluble vitamins. The study uses a multimodal strategy to examine the vitamin content in a variety of frequently consumed fresh vegetables, like Potato, Tomato and Cucumber. The Study includes laboratory studies, literature reviews, and dietary assessments. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a methodology used to precisely measure vitamin amounts. The findings show that water-soluble vitamins are certainly abundant in fresh vegetables, with notable differences in content between different vegetable types and species. Additionally, the influence of elements like climate, soil quality, and agricultural techniques on vitamin content is explored. This study emphasizes how crucial it is to include a variety of fresh vegetables in daily diets in order to maintain an appropriate intake of water-soluble vitamins, which are crucial for overall health and well-being. For nutritionists, dietitians, and consumers looking to maximize their vitamin intake through natural and sustainable food sources, it offers helpful insights. As a result of our research, it was noticed that the overall amount of WSVs in fresh vegetables available in Pakistan having satisfactory levels of these vitamins and met the prescribed values of FDA and WHO. Overall, it is reasonable to infer that ingesting a wide range of locally available fresh vegetables in different combinations might help in nutrient acquisition, perhaps reducing the need for food fortification and other forms of supplementation.
Nutritional Evaluation of Selected Fresh Fruits as a Source of Water -soluble Vitamins to Meet Daily Required Intake
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2022-02-26) Misbah Murshid; SP21-R06-012; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 8031
Apple, Banana, and Guava are the most widely accessible fresh fruits across the world. In this study, we analyzed the water-soluble vitamin content of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Vitamin B9 (folic acid) and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in these locally available fruits from Pakistan. Using a reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromato- graphic approach with isocratic elution, a comparative simultaneous quantitative analysis of these water-soluble vitamins is performed at 25◦C. Vitamins were separated chromato- graphically in a 50-minute run time at 1ml/min flow rate on an Agilent 5, TC-C18 (250 4.8mm, 5m) and Perkin Elmer Series 200 HPLC instrument with UV/Vis detection at a wavelength of 270nm using a mobile phase of Methanol and buffer solution (1 hexane sulfonic acid sodium salt solution with pH 4.3) at a fixed ratio of 15%:85% respectively. According to the findings of the analysis that these fruits provide a sufficient number of water-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin C, which may significantly contribute to food security, nutrition, therapeutic effects, and health. However, except for Vitamin B3 (in Apples) and B9 (in Bananas), the percentage contribution to the DRI value of water- soluble vitamins in these fruits was lower than the recommended DRI levels. It is essential that the individual consume fruits in a varied manner in combination with other fruits thus preventing monotony and therefore ensuring a greater daily intake of these vital nutrients.
Phytoremediation of Pharmaceutical Effluents by using Plants Husks
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2020-02-20) Bilal Shabbir; FA18-R06-017; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 6495
The goal of this research is to filter and characterize the Husk of rice and coconut for the removal of toxic pollutants from Pharmaceutical wastewater. It has been reported that organic waste can adsorb pollutants more efficiently from wastewater as compared to other adsorbents due to their small size, high surface area and high chemical reactivity. Water can be purified by different methods, and different methods have been reported to remove pollutant from water but where adsorption is more efficient due to its properties like cost effective, simple methodology, and rapid operation. Adsorption method for separation is most popular due to easier methodology, requires lesser volume for process, high efficiency, easiness and characteristic of regeneration and produce lower volume of sludge. Before and after samples of husk were confirmed by FTIR and XRD used as adsorbent for removal of contaminants from wastewater. FTIR spectra correlated with peaks of husk from literature. In XRD graph, peaks confirm the formation of husk and antibiotics complex. These composition shows high adsorption and dye degradation in reported Uv-analysis and they can easily separate out from solution after adsorption. Husk showed high adsorption capacity of antibiotics and can remove 80% of antibiotics from water in 30 min.
Profiling of Nutritional Quality of Chicken Meat through Water-Soluble Vitamins
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-27) Mohammad Owais Aftab; CIIT/SP22-R06-019/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 8658
The increasing worldwide population trend demands a fair increase in food sources to meet the vital requirements of masses. For the recognition of the significance of a nutritious diet, there is an increasing need for excellent protein sources, especially chicken meat. The dietary benefit of chicken meat was examined in this research in reference to water-soluble vitamins availability, which are essential elements to support human wellness and health. Water-soluble vitamin levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in chicken samples. The results obtained from HPLC analysis were below-in-line from the standard values recommended by WHO globally. Our dietary habits and cooking pattern may further deteriorate the essential vitamin levels in the chicken. Poultry industry is booming because of high consumption of chicken meat demand in the market, but on the other side, low nutrition pack cannot fulfil the dietary requirements. It is suggested that the poultry farmers should provide healthy feed ingredients for chicken intake which is ultimately beneficial for human consumption. The results obtained were not even 50% of recommended values, rather they were far away from the standard values which is evident how poor our diet is. In the end, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge of the nutritional content of chicken meat and how it contributes to human wellness, as well as laying the groundwork for upcoming studies, dietary recommendations, and environmentally friendly methods of raising chickens.
Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil into Multifunctional Additives for Lubricants
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-25) Muhammad Sikandar; SP20-R06-016; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 7570
The recycling of waste cooking oils has been focused to build up cost-effective and multifunctional additives. Edible oils are most commonly used in kitchen as well as commercially. Animal fats and vegetable oils are the different sources used worldwide to collect edible oils. Vegetable oil utilization in 2019 has arrived at 204.88 million metric tons and this figure is expanding at a speed of 2% every year. Out of the absolute utilization just 20-30% is reused and when user discarded WCO, it causes problems for the environment and human health ultimately. It is recommended that WCOs can be used as helpful wellsprings of synthetic substances for the creation of bio plasticizers. In view of this, there is a need to develop technique / method to remove these harmful substances as well as to reuse the waste cooking oil as useful lubricant to fabricate multifunctional additives. To get this, we have used toluene as a solvent, Stearyl methacrylate polymer as well as palm oil as waste cooking oil. By using different molar concentration of above mentioned materials, different properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, pour point and flash point of synthesized additives has been investigated. Enhanced impact of above mentioned properties has been observed in the synthesized additives. Their physico-chemical properties has been assessed by different techniques.
Synthesis and Utility of Chitosan-Aloe Vera based Bioflocculant Composite for Cleaning Industrial Effluents
(Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Momina Arshad; SP23-R06-014; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 9461
Lack of fresh water and pollution have become some of the most serious problems in the global community due to ambitious industrialization, development and increased human population. This research aims at the synthesis of a chitosan/Aloe vera bio flocculant composite with a view of providing a green technology for wastewater treatment. The primary application covers the reduction of metal and non-metallic pollutants through adsorption processes. This study provides the details for the synthesis of the bio-flocculant composite that includes extraction of the Aloe vera gel, preparation of the chitosan solution and cross linking of the two components with glutaraldehyde in order to get a stable product. FTIR analysis of the samples was done to determine functional groups present in the material obtained while XRD and UV-Vis studies were used to analyze the material. The FTIR spectra identified hydroxyl (-OH), amine (-NH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups that are essential in adsorption. Changes in the microstructure, which comprised only a small volume of crystalline phase and a large portion of amorphous phase, contributed to the improvement of water absorption. UV-Vis spectroscopy proved the material’s efficiency to adsorb contaminants which revealed considerable decrease of their concentrations. Adsorption results were as follows: chromium at 75.26%, copper at 77.32%, and nickel at 68.4% of removal efficiency. The findings presented here underscore the applicability of the composite for treatment of multi-stream wastewaters. The research also confirms other benefits that emanate from the use of bio-flocculants compared to chemical coagulants, namely biodegradability, low toxic effect, and low generation of sludge. The addition of Aloe vera and chitosan improves ix the adsorption capacity of the composite without compromising the environmental factor. Considering the resulted innovations, plant-based and biodegradable materials, including the developed composite, have tremendous potential for application at large industrial and municipal scale in wastewater treatment. This research adds to the existing literature on green water treatment technology as well as offers a base on which subsequent studies involving plant- and biopolymer derived materials can be grounded.
Synthesis of Versatile Bio Adsorbent from Wheat Bran based Biomaterials to Clean Textile Wastewater
(Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2023-02-26) Atiya Mukhtar; FA21-R06-001/LHR; Dr. Muhammad Javid Iqbal; LHR TP 8439
Textile industry is of the biggest water consumption industries globally which is generating a significant amount of wastewater with high level of pollutants. Outflow of textile effluent is a major issue in this era and it is becoming the considerable problem and health disasters for humans and other livings. The presented work is basically on the synthesis of unmodified and modified wheat bran as bio adsorbent material. The efficacy and adsorption capacity have increased significantly with activated charcoal and highlighted its application by using different parameters and frameworks for removal of CBB textile dyes have been tested. Commassie Brilliant blue dye has largely been used for staining and dying on protein fabric in textile industry. Removal of toxic dyes from textile wastewater in a modal water system has been checked experimentally for the efficiency of laboratory developed bio adsorbent. Several parameters were used like pH change, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent concentration, temperature and time and by changing these parameters significant variations were observed through % removal of CBB dye. For the characterization of mesostructured wheat bran and activated charcoal before and after adsorption by FTIR technique, UV-visible spectroscopy was used to measure absorption and find out percentage adsorption or removal of dye in wastewater samples.XRD was used to investigate average crystalline size. Bio adsorbent have removed 97% of organic dye named CBB R-250g through unmodified and modified wheat brans which proved good adsorption and reusability for minimum 0.1g/100ml of solution. This ecofriendly bio adsorbent can be used in bulk for cleaning the textile wastewater on industrial scale economically. In future, mega projects of cleaning waste water may be initiated in cosmopolitan areas by local Government municipality.