Browsing by Author "Dr. Ghulam Murtaza"

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    In silico Identification of Forsythiae fructus Ingredients and Mechanistic Investigation of its Effect against Neuronal Injury
    (Library Information Services COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, 2021-02-24) Rida Fatima; FA19-R06-018; Dr. Ghulam Murtaza; LHR TP 7341
    Purpose: Neuronal damage is a serious medical disorder that affects the entire universe population. Traditional Chinese Medicines have a multifarious-target, multifarious-component and multifrious-pathway mechanism for treating ailments. Traditional Chinese Medicine Forsythiae fructus have neuroprotective properties. It is a clinical based herb used for the treatment of neuronal injury but its action mechanism is still uncertain. The goal of this study is to use network pharmacology to understand the underlying mechanism of Forsythiae fructus in treating neuronal damage. Methodology: According to the literature of Forsythiae fructus chemical ingredients and targets were searched using TCMSP database. Afterwards, protein-protein interaction network was constructed through STITCH database. Then pathways were analyzed through GO enrichment analysis using plugin-ClueGO. Results: Total number of active ingredients were found to be 38 associated with 145 targets. The screening of these targets resulted in the identification of 17 targets that are linked to neuronal damage. The investigation of GeneOntology (GO) and pathway enrichment yielded a total of 261 GO terms. The main hubs such as MAPK1, AKT1, Estrogen, Estradiol, ESR1, SRC, CREBBP and SP1 were found to be associated with neuronal injury. Molecular docking of arctiin, beta-sitosterol, hyperforin, kaempferol, phyllirin and quercitin demonstrated minimum docking score with the targets AKT1, ESR1 and SRC. Conclusion: The results suggest that Forsythiae fructus could be very effective in the treatment of neuronal injury. The results also suggested that beta-sitosterol and quercitin have a good affinity with AKT1 against neuronal injury.
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    Increasing Efficacy of Antibiotic by Combining it with Adjuvants against Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram- Positive Bacteria
    (Library Information Services, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 2025) Zueen Shahbaz; CIIT/FA23-RPY-005/LHR; Dr. Ghulam Murtaza; LHR TP 9836
    Bacterial resistance to currently available treatments is a global problem that raises death rates and treatment costs, emphasizing the need for additional classes of antibacterial drugs or compounds that interact synergistically with antimicrobials. The efficacy of current antibiotics has been considerably compromised by the rapid spread and emergence of antimicrobial resistance in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The objective of current study is to improve antibiotic efficacy by combining ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and colistin with adjuvants i.e., iron nanoparticles (FeNP), rhamnose, isatin and sinapic acid. Zone of inhibition (ZoI) measurements and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were used to evaluate these combinations antibacterial effectiveness against clinically relevant resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The findings emphasize the potential of adjuvant therapy in overcoming antibiotic resistance. Fe-NP frequently counteracted antibiotic activity, raising MIC values in the majority of combinations despite slight increase in ZoI. Rhamnose exhibited variable outcomes, increasing MIC in some combinations and reducing it in others. Isatin improved antibiotic performance by lowering MIC and increase in ZoI for ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and amikacin and ceftriaxone against P. aeruginosa. Sinapic acid demonstrated selective but potent synergy, especially with ciprofloxacin and amikacin against resistant P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that certain adjuvants, especially isatin and sinapic acid enhanced the activity of antibiotics. Such combinations could enable lower antibiotic doses, reduce side effects and delay the emergence of resistance.