Abstract:
Mostly biodegradable implants are used because it does not need any kind of second
surgery. Implant is not necessary to remove outside the body. Revision surgeries are
painful, costly and cause infection at the site. In case of biodegradable implants, the
implants degrade and absorb in the surrounding tissues and release ions that are mostly
consumed by the human body or are excreted from the body. Zn, Mg and CaP based
composites implants are biodegradable and have less corrosion rate when these
materials are combined to form the alloys. Pure Zn possess low mechanical strength
that limits its applications in orthopedics field. So Zn is combined with Magnesium and
make a solid metal matrix with CaP as a reinforced phase inside that matrix. In this
metal matrix transfer load to reinforcement phase that better the mechanical properties
of the composites. Addition of different elements in the Zn can improve the
biocompatibility, cell viability and corrosion rate of the implant. As calcium phosphate
is main constituent of the bone about 60-70% present in bones so addition of CaP in Zn
make it better composite implant used for orthopedic applications. CaP help in
regeneration of osteoblast cells in human body so it also improves the cell viability in
the human cell. As it is cell friendly so one disadvantage of using CaP is that it does not
give good anti-bacterial results. It helps to grow bacteria as calcium is also part of
bacterial cell. Bacterial cells contain number of calcium binding proteins.
This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of Zn-xMg-xCaP composites through
powder metallurgy route. In this procedure all the three powders were ball milled at
300rpm for 3 hrs. then is being compressed at 2500 KGS force and at the end it is being
sintered at 350oC. Then different experiments like density difference, micro hardness,
degradation, cell viability and anti-bacterial activity were performed. Also different
characterizations like SEM, XRD, optical images were taken for the analysis.
