Farzan MushtaqSP19-RMT-021LHR TP 6477Dr. Shamaila Rani2026-03-132020https://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2774This thesis is devoted to study some cosmological models in the scenar- ios of two gravitational theories like fractal universe model and dynamical Chern-Simons modi¯ed theory in particle creation mechanism. In the case of fractal universe model, we consider particle creation rate as constant and variable with two models. We use Gibbs equation to ¯nd out pressure of particle creation rate adiabatic matter phenomenon. For these cases, cosmological parameters like e®ective equation of state and deceleration parameter are studied. Also, we investigate the behavior of generalized sec- ond law of thermodynamics for Barrow entropy by taking constant particle creation rate. For dynamical Chern-Simons theory, two variable particle creation rate models are used for which we explore e®ective equation of state parameter and deceleration parameter.enDr. Shamaila Ranisp19Department of MathematicsMathematicsCosmic ThermodynamicsThesis