Raja RehmanCIIT/FA21-RPH-008/LHRDr. Muhammad Ajmal KhanLHR TP 85902026-02-282023https://repository.cuilahore.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2554Humans require energy in the modern world. Energy must thus be taken into consideration if life is to continue [1]. In the current state of our everyday life, energy consumption is increasing daily. Every country needs energy to be prosperous [2]. The availability of energy determines a country's capacity for economic development. The world is dealing with several energy-related issues, and as population grows, so does energy demand [3]. Both the exponential rise in technology and the exponential expansion in people are to blame for the increase in energy usage. These days, we utilize energy in a variety of ways, including for systems in homes, companies, and industries as well as for communication, transportation, and other purposes. Fig (1.1) illustrates the annual global energy consumptioenDepartment of PhysicsFA21PhysicsThesis