Impact of Climate Change on Food Security; an Ascertainment of South Asian Countries

Abstract

Globally Climate change is a major contributor to food security, particularly when it comes to food production (Wheeler & Von Braun, 2013). Climate change is now becoming a serious threat to humanity. The main goal of the research is to determine how climate variability affects food security in eight South Asian nations— Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan—among them. In this sense, panel data will be applied to historical data spanning from 1980 to 2021 to examine the linkages, namely, between climate change and the degree of food security in South Asian regions. The results show that increased frequency of extreme weather events, unpredictable precipitation patterns, and rising temperatures all considerably lower agricultural output, increasing food insecurity and yield losses. According to the study, temperature swings and variability in precipitation are important indicators of food production. This finding supports previous research on how sensitive staple crops like wheat, rice, and maize are to climate variations.

Food security results are also highly influenced by governance quality and economic considerations. A move away from agriculture as a result of urbanization and industrialization is suggested by the regression analysis, which shows a negative association between agriculture's GDP share and food production. Effective governance and policy interventions are crucial, as evidenced by the fact that nations with better governance frameworks are also more resilient to the effects of climate change. In addition to temperature,