Bioactivity of Herbal Extracts use as Antidiabetic and Anticancer drugs

Abstract

Plants are essential for human well-being, providing vital resources and medicinal benefits. This study focused on a medicinal plant Salvadora oleoides, investigating its potential as antidiabetic and anticancer agents. Synthetic drugs have limitations, while herbal medicines offer safer alternative research. Current study aimed to find effective and safe phytoconstituents to replace synthetic drugs. Different extracts were obtained through sequential extraction using methanol, acetonitrile and 2-propanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key chemical constituents. A multimodal approach was used, including in vivo CAM assay on fertilized eggs, albino rat experiments. The study evaluated Salvadora oleoides' ability to stop cancer cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in a physiological setting, providing new insights into its anticancer potential. Additionally, tests were conducted on blood glucose regulation in albino rats. The 500mg/ml of 2-propanol extract showed significant antidiabetic activity, with inhibition rates of 83%. The antiangiogenic activity of extracts was evaluated using the CAM assay. The methanol extracts at 1000µg/ml showed significant potential with a 57.91% inhibition rate. The positive control, Sorafenib, exhibited a significant inhibition rate of 58.89%. The 500mg/ml of 2- propanol extract showed significant antidiabetic activity, with inhibition rates of 83%. The results suggest Salvadora oleoides's potential as a natural treatment for cancer and diabetes. The results showed that extracts of Salvadora oleoides extract with 2- propanol has highest antidiabetic activity. Overall, the results highlighted the superior synergistic anti-diabetic and anti-angiogenic potential of the methanol and 2-propanol extracts in comparison to the acetonitrile extract, suggesting their suitability for the development of natural antidiabetic and antiangiogenic agents.